首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Artificial artists Can compute
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Artificial artists Can compute
admin
2018-07-28
27
问题
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Artificial artists
Can computers really create works of art?
The Painting Fool is one of a growing number of computer programs which, so their makers claim, possess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial composer has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them into believing a human was behind the score. Artworks painted by a robot have sold for thousands of dollars and been hung in prestigious galleries. And software has been built which creates art that could not have been imagined by the programmer.
Human beings are the only species to perform sophisticated creative acts regularly. If we can break this process down into computer code, where does that leave human creativity? This is a question at the very core of humanity,’ says Geraint Wiggins, a computational creativity researcher at Goldsmiths, University of London. ’It scares a lot of people. They are worried that it is taking something special away from what it means to be human.’
To some extent, we are all familiar with computerised art. The question is: where does the work of the artist stop and the creativity of the computer begin? Consider one of the oldest machine artists, Aaron, a robot that has had paintings exhibited in London’s Tate Modern and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Aaron can pick up a paintbrush and paint on canvas on its own. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little more than a tool to realise the programmer’s own creative ideas.
Simon Colton, the designer of the Painting Fool, is keen to make sure his creation doesn’t attract the same criticism. Unlike earlier ’artists’ such as Aaron, the Painting Fool only needs minimal direction and can come up with its own concepts by going online for material. The software runs its own web searches and trawls through social media sites. It is now beginning to display a kind of imagination too, creating pictures from scratch. One of its original works is a series of fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky. While some might say they have a mechanical look, Colton argues that such reactions arise from people’s double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art. After all, he says, consider that the Painting Fool painted the landscapes without referring to a photo. ’If a child painted a new scene from its head, you’d say it has a certain level of imagination,’ he points out. The same should be true of a machine.’ Software bugs can also lead to unexpected results. Some of the Painting Fool’s paintings of a chair came out in black and white, thanks to a technical glitch. This gives the work an eerie, ghostlike quality. Human artists like the renowned Ellsworth Kelly are lauded for limiting their colour palette - so why should computers be any different?
Researchers like Colton don’t believe it is right to measure machine creativity directly to that of humans who ’have had millennia to develop our skills’. Others, though, are fascinated by the prospect that a computer might create something as original and subtle as our best artists. So far, only one has come close. Composer David Cope invented a program called Experiments in Musical Intelligence, or EMI. Not only did EMI create compositions in Cope’s style, but also that of the most revered classical composers, including Bach, Chopin and Mozart. Audiences were moved to tears, and EMI even fooled classical music experts into thinking they were hearing genuine Bach. Not everyone was impressed however. Some, such as Wiggins, have blasted Cope’s work as pseudoscience, and condemned him for his deliberately vague explanation of how the software worked. Meanwhile, Douglas Hofstadter of Indiana University said EMI created replicas which still rely completely on the original artist’s creative impulses. When audiences found out the truth they were often outraged with Cope, and one music lover even tried to punch him. Amid such controversy, Cope destroyed EMI’s vital databases.
But why did so many people love the music, yet recoil when they discovered how it was composed? A study by computer scientist David Moffat of Glasgow Caledonian University provides a clue. He asked both expert musicians and non-experts to assess six compositions. The participants weren’t told beforehand whether the tunes were composed by humans or computers, but were asked to guess, and then rate how much they liked each one. People who thought the composer was a computer tended to dislike the piece more than those who believed it was human. This was true even among the experts, who might have been expected to be more objective in their analyses.
Where does this prejudice come from? Paul Bloom of Yale University has a suggestion: he reckons part of the pleasure we get from art stems from the creative process behind the work. This can give it an ’irresistible essence’, says Bloom. Meanwhile, experiments by Justin Kruger of New York University have shown that people’s enjoyment of an artwork increases if they think more time and effort was needed to create it. Similarly, Colton thinks that when people experience art, they wonder what the artist might have been thinking or what the artist is trying to tell them. It seems obvious, therefore, that with computers producing art, this speculation is cut short - there’s nothing to explore. But as technology becomes increasingly complex, finding those greater depths in computer art could become possible. This is precisely why Colton asks the Painting Fool to tap into online social networks for its inspiration: hopefully this way it will choose themes that will already be meaningful to us.
According to Geraint Wiggins, why are many people worried by computer art?
选项
A、It is aesthetically inferior to human art.
B、It may ultimately supersede human art.
C、It undermines a fundamental human quality.
D、It will lead to a deterioration in human ability.
答案
C
解析
题目:根据Geraint Wiggins的看法,为什么人类对电脑艺术充满忧虑?A.从审美上来看,它们劣于人类艺术。B.它们终究有一天会超越人类艺术。c.它们破坏了人类本性的根基。D.它们会导致人类能力的衰退。通过人名定位;提到了电脑艺术让人们忧虑,担心它会带走人类之所以被称之为人类的某些特殊的品质;其中原文take something special away from…human与选项中undermine a fundamental human quality匹配;假如不认识undermine,可通过排除法做题,原文中并未提到审美上的优劣或它是否有一天会超越人类艺术,也没有提到导致人类能力的恶化。因此答案为C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/CZNO777K
本试题收录于:
雅思阅读题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思阅读
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Researchershavemadesignificanttechnologicalprogresstowardincreasingtheamountofplasticthatplantscangrowand
Researchershavemadesignificanttechnologicalprogresstowardincreasingtheamountofplasticthatplantscangrowand
Researchershavenotedthatantsarrangetheirdeadusingthesameprinciplesthoughttoproducethemarkingsonanimals
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhichtrueandfalsestatementscanbemade;thereisnoabs
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhichtrueandfalsestatementscanbemade;thereisnoabs
His______oftheassignedpageswasitselfamuchtoolengthysummary;byallaccounts,ifhewishestosucceedbythestandards
Becausemodernartisneithercompletelyacceptednorrejectedbycritics,theirultimateevaluationsofitremain______.
WhileforensicscientistscommonlyrelyonfingerprintstohelpidentifyaLineperson,itisnotpossibletousethesamekind
ModernsciencefictionmoviesareoftenknownfortheirbreathtakingspecialLineeffects.Theseeffectscanshowusaglimpse
UntilAndrewlearnedto______astrictschedule,heseldommanagedtocompletehishomeworkinatimelymanner.
随机试题
患者,男性,50岁,2型糖尿病10年,近半个月来发现双下肢水肿,并逐渐加重,常感乏力、头晕,遂来医院就诊,查血浆白蛋白25g/L,血清胆固醇及三酰甘油升高,血肌酐、尿素氮正常,查体:血压170/110mmHg,双下肢重度可凹性水肿。责任护士对患者出院前
腭大孔阻滞麻醉时,常出现恶心、呕吐现象,其原因是
在奇经八脉中,其循行多次与手、足三阳经及阳维脉交会的是
“经营单位”栏:()。“保费”栏:()。
金融债券是指()依照法定程序发行并约定在一定期限内还本付息的有价证券。
决定显示质量的主要因素有()。
关于立法解释,下列表述不正确的是()
中国的改革开放从优先发展东部沿海地区起步。根据不断变化的形势,党中央又适时提出了西部大开发和振兴东北等老:正业基地战略。到2002年,国家在西部开工30多个项目,总投资超过6000亿元。振兴东北老工业基地的第一批项目总投资额数百亿元。到2020年,全国地
Whataretheydiscussingabout?
ThedefectsoftheBiblemaybecausedby______.
最新回复
(
0
)