首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Proponents of creating large private sectors as quickly as possible in transition economies offer both political and economic ar
Proponents of creating large private sectors as quickly as possible in transition economies offer both political and economic ar
admin
2012-10-23
45
问题
Proponents of creating large private sectors as quickly as possible in transition economies offer both political and economic arguments to support their view. They argue that if democracy is to become a viable political system in the countries undergoing transition, the state’s monopoly over the bases of political power must be broken so that the countervailing sources of political influence may emerge [Berger, 1991]. Otherwise, the nomenklatura, managers of stateowned firms and former bureaucrats, may sabotage or block economic reforms, as well as loot, dissipate or transfer to their own possession the assets of the firms they manage. By creating property owners, privatization can create an ascent middle class that has a stake in the creation and maintenance of an effective system of property rights and the pursuit of economic policies that would enable the private sector to flourish.
The most compelling economic reason for privatizing state-owned enterprises in the transition economies is that as units of production--as distinct from providers of secure employment--they were a failure. Private ownership is thus seen as the means of unlocking gains in productivity by stimulating productive efficiency, offering greater motivation for both managers and workers, and creating incentives to enter new markets and exit declining ones. Privatization, it is argued, will unleash dynamic small businesses, act as a lure for foreign direct investment and speed up the painful process of restructuring industry, and it would accomplish all this while returning property to its rightful historical owners and raising funds for the government.
Despite this enticing list of promises, many countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union remain reluctant to privatize. Some of the opposition is ideological. Some comes from insiders at state-owned enterprises, both workers and managers, who fear the loss of income and power. More broadly, there are fears that privatization will reduce employment as private owners dismiss redundant workers and that the new private sector will be unlikely to provide the social benefits--like housing, health and nursery care, and recreation, sports and vacation facilities--that state-owned enterprises often provided. At the extreme; there are fears that if privatization exacerbates unemployment and causes declines in production, reformist governments will be swept away.
Practical difficulties have compounded this resistance to privatization. The valuations of firms is difficult because capital markets barely exist, accounting statements can be almost meaningless, and profits and sales achieved in the communist era are a poor guide to future viability. Households in these countries do not have sufficient savings to purchase many of the largest firms, and, even if they did have the money, they view former state-owned enterprises as dubious investments. With a rudimentary banking system, loans for the purchase of state property are seen as both risky and inflationary. In this muddled situation, suspicions naturally arise that buyers are benefiting from low prices at the expense of the state.
In paragraph 3, the ultimate fear is that of ______.
选项
A、the enterprise managers.
B、the workers.
C、the average citizen.
D、the government itself.
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Cb9O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
FrankFriedel,increatingabiographyoftheUnitedStatespresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,hashadtowrestlewithsomethingli
______anyadvicewhichyoucangetfromtheinterviewerandfollowupsuggestionsforimprovingyourpresentationandqualifica
Oneoftheconsequencesofadvancedcognitiveabilityhasbeentheemergenceofculturallife.
Withinhoursofappearingontelevisiontoannouncetheendofconscription,PresidentJacquesChiracmovedquicklytopreventa
Withinhoursofappearingontelevisiontoannouncetheendofconscription,PresidentJacquesChiracmovedquicklytopreventa
Iwouldliketosaythatatheoryisessentiallyanabstract,symbolicrepresentationofreality.
ProfessorSmithandProfessorBrownwill______inpresentingtheseriesoflecturesonAmericanliterature.
Signsofdeafnesshadgivenhimgreatanxietyasearlyas1798.Foralongtimehesuccessfullyconcealeditfromallbuthismo
随机试题
当去甲肾上腺素与β受体结合时,可引起肌肉收缩或收缩加强的是()。
CT检查肺窗宽窗的窗宽和窗位分别是
流行性乙型脑炎底传播途径主要通过
国家对麻醉药品、______药品、医疗用毒性药品、______药品执行特殊管理。
某建筑场地的土层分布即各土层的剪切波速如图5—19所示。土层等效剪切波速为240m/s。试问:该建筑场地的类别应为下列何项所示?
进口的应税消费品,实行从价定率办法计算应纳税额,按照( )计算纳税。
甲股份有限公司(本题下称“甲公司”)为上市公司,其相关交易或事项如下:(1)经相关部门批准,甲公司于2013年1月1日按面值发行分期付息、到期一次还本的可转换公司债券2000万份,每份面值为100元。可转换公司债券发行价格总额为200000万元,发行费用
各级行政机关在工作中持续产生和处理大量信息,信息工作是行政管理活动的重要组成部分。以下选项中,不属于行政机关基本信息工作制度的是()。
设随机变量序列X1,…,Xn,…相互独立且都服从正态分布N(μ,σ2),记Yn=X2n-X2n-1,根据辛钦大数定律,当n→∞时依概率收敛于_________.
根据问题描述,补充四个联系,完善图3-1的实体联系图。如果考虑记录一些特别资深的热心球迷的情况,每个热心球迷可能支持多个球队。热心球迷的基本信息包括:姓名、住址和喜欢的俱乐部等。根据这一要求修改图3-1的实体联系图,给出修改后的关系模式。
最新回复
(
0
)