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  3. In addition to their military role, the foals of the nineteenth century provided numerous other benefits for the American West.

In addition to their military role, the foals of the nineteenth century provided numerous other benefits for the American West.

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问题      In addition to their military role, the foals of the nineteenth century provided numerous other benefits for the American West. Tile establishment of these posts opened new roads and provided for the protection of daring adventurers and expeditions as well as established settlers. Forts also served as bases where enterprising entrepreneurs could bring commerce to the West, providing supplies and refreshments to soldiers as well ’as to pioneers. Posts like Fort Laramie provided supplies for wagon trains traveling the natural highways toward new frontiers. Some posts became stations for the pony express; still others, such as Fort Davis, were stagecoach stops for weary travelers. All of these functions, of course, suggest that the contributions of the forts to the civilization and development of the West extended beyond patrol duty.
     Through the establishment of military posts, yet other contributions were made to the development of western culture. Many posts maintained libraries or reading rooms, and some--for example, Fort Davis--had schools. Post chapels provided a setting for religious services and weddings. Throughout the wilderness, post bands provided entertainment and boosted morale. During the last part of the nineteenth century, to reduce expenses, gardening was encouraged at the forts, thus making experimental agriculture became another activity of the military.  The military stationed at the various forts also played a role in civilian life by assisting in maintaining order, and civilian officials often called on the army for protection.
     Certainly, among other significant contributions the army made to the improvement of the conditions of life was the investigation of the relationships among health, climate, and architecture.  From the earliest colonial times throughout the nineteenth century, disease ranked as the foremost problem in defense. It slowed construction of forts and inhibited their military function. Official documents from many regions contained innumerable reports of sickness that virtually incapacitated entire garrisons. In response to the problems, detailed observations of architecture and climate and their relationships to the frequency of the occurrence of various diseases were recorded at various posts across the nation by military surgeons.
According to the passage, which of the following posed the biggest obstacle to the development of military forts?
选项 A、Insufficient shelter.
B、Shortage of materials.
C、Attacks by wild animals.
D、Illness.
答案D
解析 根据文章，以下哪个是军事堡垒的发展的最大障碍：A不充分隐蔽处；B材料不足；C野生动物的攻击；D疾病。第三段第二句：From the earliest colonial times through out the nineteenth century，disease ranked as the foremost problem in defense。从最初的殖民时期贯穿19世纪，疾病在防御中是列为首位的问题。故D是正确选项。
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