2. 外语
  3. Participant observation also reflects anthropology’s dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline. Through the

Participant observation also reflects anthropology’s dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline. Through the

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问题    Participant observation also reflects anthropology’s dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline.  Through the stress on participation and getting the insider’s view, anthropologists of necessity become personally involved with their subjects. They show a humanistic concern for the people they study, and through their attempts to understand and describe people’s behavior they help give outsiders a rich appreciation for other people and other ways. Nevertheless, with its stress on observation, anthropologists strive to fulfill the requirements of a scientific discipline. Anthropologists strive for objectivity and accuracy. They often actually count, for example, the number of times specific behavior patterns occur and under what circumstances they use this data for empirical studies that integrate their observations into general laws of human behavior.
   Understanding anthropology requires understanding its dual nature. Perhaps two inelegant but useful terms borrowed from linguistics will help. Emic refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) through which the bearers of a particular culture perceive the world. Eric refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) used by Western social scientists to explain the word. In other words, the emic view is the insider’s, the participant’s view, and the etic is the outsider’s, the scientific observer’s view. Pierre’s emic view of his death, for exam- pie, is that he died from the power of the sorcerer; the anthropologist’s "etic view" is that he died from physiological effects of fear, induced by his belief in the sorcerer. Both views are valid under the proper circumstances, but anthropology requires that they be clearly distinguished from each other because they derive from different methodologies, consist of different kinds of data, and lead to different types of knowledge. Together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture. Anthroplogy’s uniqueness lies in the fact that it encompasses them both.
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
选项 A、Anthropologists of necessity know how to behave in a foreign culture.
B、Anthropologists describe patterns of human behavior.
C、Anthropologists all study the behavioral patterns of foreign nations.
D、Anthropologists prescribe rules of human behavior.
答案B
解析 从第1段“through their attempts to...describe people’s behavior they help...appreciation for other people and other ways”可以看出选项B正确。
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