首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures— learn to do things because certain acts lead to
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures— learn to do things because certain acts lead to
admin
2017-03-25
80
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures— learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them, it was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of______.
选项
A、a basic human desire to understand and control the world
B、the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C、their strong desire to solve complex problem
D、a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
答案
A
解析
根据文中第四段的“Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them,it was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem,in mastering the skill,and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.”可知,帕布塞科推断,让婴儿们感到愉悦的原因,根本不是看到灯光,而是解决问题、掌握技巧的成功,因而断定人类具有认识世界和有意识控制世界的基本欲望。据此可知,婴儿从成功完成某件事中获得的乐趣反映了人类想要了解和控制世界的基本欲望。A项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/CjGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
TherailroadAissimultaneouslystrippedthelandscapeofthenaturalresources,madevelocityoftransportandeconomyofscale
Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritime(航海的)history,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhel
Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlangu
Likemanyotheraspectsofthecomputerage,Yahoobeganasanidea,【C1】______intoahobbyandlatelyhas【C2】______intoafull-
MoreandmoreChinesescholarsnowbelievethattheiracademicstudiesshouldbeorientedtowardtheneedsofthesocietyandth
Accordingto______sources,theLeaningTowerofPisaistobeuprightedunderarestorationplanbytheItalianGovernment.
TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe"allthingstoallpeople".Indoingso,theyhaveincre
Parentswhobelievethatplayingvideogamesislessharmfultotheirkids’attentionspansthanwatchingTVmaywanttoreconsi
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknow
Thickwithtreesandsparsewithhomes,thistranquilarea50milesnorthofHoustoncouldbeasliceofheaven.
随机试题
证明、解释、反驳或推销己方观点的过程体现在()
谈判期限
下列何种细菌的动力试验在25℃培养时为阳性,而在37℃培养时为阴性
实现总供求关系的基本平衡,短期应以()。
监理工程师受业主委托对物资供应进度进行控制时,其工作内容包括()
【2012年烟台市市直】体罚学生,经教育不改的教师,由所在学校、其他教育机构或者教育行政部门给予行政处分或解聘。()
某古代水利工程“旱时引水浸润,雨则杜塞水门,故记日‘水早从人,不知饥馑”’。后来三国时蜀相诸葛亮“征丁十二百人护之”,据此判断,这项水利]二程是()。
物权法定原则的具体内容表现为()
为使进程从阻塞态转换为挂起态,使用的原语是()。
下面描述不属于软件特点的是
最新回复
(
0
)