首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of the
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of the
admin
2017-07-09
42
问题
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations(附属机构) from the paper and send it to their peers for review, depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publishers, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it— is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives(档案) , where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories(仓库). Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
According to the text, online publication is significant in that_________.
选项
A、it provides an easier access to scientific results.
B、it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.
C、it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.
D、it facilitates public investment in scientific research.
答案
A
解析
细节题。第二段第三句提到,网络使免费使用科研成果成为现实。在同一段中,作者还批评了杂志社的传统做法,认为它们限制了人们使用科研成果。可见,作者赞同在线出版模式,认为它能使读者以便捷的方式使用科研成果。A项“它提供了使用科研资源的便捷方式”为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/CkbZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Halfoftheworld’spopulationwillbespeakingorlearningEnglishby2015,researcherssay.Twobillionpeopleareexpectedto
【F1】Despitethegeneralnegativefindings,itisimportanttorememberthatallchildrenwholivethroughadivorcedonotbehav
【F1】Despitethegeneralnegativefindings,itisimportanttorememberthatallchildrenwholivethroughadivorcedonotbehav
Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherpersonexceedinglyuncomfortable
Peoplewereafraidtoleavetheirhouses,foralthoughthepolicehadbeenorderedtostandbyincaseofemergency,theywerej
【F1】Mostpeopleknowthatawkwardfeelingwhenyoushuffleintoanelevatorwithotherpeopleandtrynottomakeeyecontact.【
Peoplewhoaredepressedareliterallysiekatheart:theyhaveasignificantlyincreasedriskforcardiovasculardisease,andn
Peoplewhoaredepressedareliterallysiekatheart:theyhaveasignificantlyincreasedriskforcardiovasculardisease,andn
ThedivorcerateintheUnitedStatesrosesteadilythroughoutthetwentiethcentury.Priorto1915,lessthan10%ofhusbandsa
[A]Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,theanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwoofther
随机试题
改革、发展、稳定三者之间密不可分。其中发展是
A.绒促性素B.垂体后叶素C.雌二醇D.苯丙酸诺龙E.促黄体素释放激素兽医临诊用于慢性消耗性疾病的恢复期,也可用于某些贫血性疾病的辅助治疗的药物是()
依据方剂组方原则,关于使药的说法,正确的是()。
原国家土地管理局于1987年冬和1988年春,在()进行了土地登记发证试点,并取得了初步经验。
简支的钢筋混凝土梁,主筋用Ⅱ级钢,正截面试验时,下列破坏标志哪一项是不正确的?( )
依恋
我们用需求交叉弹性的概念来衡量替代品或互补品的价格变动的影响。下列说法错误的是()。
具有“先存款后消费”特点的银行卡是()。
一个数据库系统可以看作由实体和关系构成。关系可与(54)实体有关。实体与实体之间的关系有一对一、一对多和多对多三种,其中(55)不能描述多对多的联系。一般来说,一个数据库系统(56)外视图,(57)概念视图,(58)数据子语言。
ThefiveU.S.navyplaneswhichdisappearedintheBermudaTrianglein1945mighthavebeenfoundifanotherplanehadbeensent
最新回复
(
0
)