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  3. In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing us

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing us

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问题    In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
   In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree.
   Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
   One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
Modern industry must have developed______.
选项 A、before the Middle Ages
B、around the 19th century
C、in Greece or Rome
D、machines to take tests
答案B
解析 推理题。根据文章第三段第二句和第三句可知，笔试是19世纪才为大家所知，而它的出现可能是由于人口的大量增长和现代工业的发展。由此可以推断出现代工业是在19世纪左右发展起来的。选项A(中世纪之前)、选项C(在希腊或罗马)和选项D(机器参加考试)均不符合文意，故本题选B。
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