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  3. For more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal

For more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal

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问题     For more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue across the U.S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina.
    Now, chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 non-profitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs’ motive: "Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well" , says one CEO of a company that owns nine television stations.
    Among the steps the forum is pushing; finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. "Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways, " says, a forum member.
    One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universities—which educate three-quarters of all U.S. undergraduates—to admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldn’t have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.
What has been a divisive issue across the United States?
选项 A、Whether affirmative action should continue to exist.
B、Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority.
C、Whether racism exists in American college admission.
D、Whether racial intolerance should be punished.
答案B
解析 事实细节题。第一段第四句提到，“这在整个美国范围内引起了争议”，注意句中it指的是上文提到的“限制平等权利法案的做法”。该句中as引导的原因状语从句解释了引起争议的原因，即教育者们认为它造成了少数民族录取率的降低。因此，引起争议的是限制平等权利法案的影响，排除A项。B项虽然与文中论述不完全一样，但它其实就等于说“这种做法到底是有利于哪一方”，因此是正确答案。第一段主要论述的是“种族照顾政策”，不是“种族歧视”或“不容忍行为”，排除C项和D项。
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