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  3. In American high schools today, it’s taken as a given that extracurricular (课外的) activities bring students of different races to

In American high schools today, it’s taken as a given that extracurricular (课外的) activities bring students of different races to

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问题     In American high schools today, it’s taken as a given that extracurricular (课外的) activities bring students of different races together. What’s more, it’s on clubs and sports teams that the conditions of Airport’s Contact Theory are actually met — students are working together toward a single goal, rather than competing against each other.
    If school districts can widely integrate their sports teams and clubs, then they might see less self-segregation in the hallways and lunchrooms.
    It fell to a Duke University scholar, Dr. Charles Clotfelter, to figure out a way to measure how well schools are doing on this front.
    Clotfelter could easily look up the racial composition of every school — those numbers are tracked by the National Center for Education Statistics. But the racial makeup of clubs and sports teams wasn’t as easy. How to go about getting a tabulation (列表) of who’s in the drama club, belongs to the engineering society, and runs the school newspapers?
    Then Clotfelter landed on an ingenious solution. In nearby Winston Salem, North Carolina, was a printing company called Jostens, Inc. Jostens is one of the biggest printers of high school yearbooks. Clotfelter got permission to drive over and haul away a huge random sample of yearbooks from the previous year, which represented a fairly good mix of public, private independent, and Catholic high schools throughout the Midwest, Northeast and South.
    Then his graduate students found every photograph of every track team, French club and Yearbook Club that existed in those yearbooks. This was over 4,400 sports teams and another 4,400 more clubs, each with roughly a couple dozen members on average — ultimately equivalent to a poll of over 150,000 students. It was painstaking work to catalog the race of every kid in every photo.
    Clotfelter found that extracurricular activities were far from the desegregating force they should be. The average club was 39% less diverse than the school itself. Fully one-third of all clubs and teams are mono-racial. In fact, there seemed to be a curious phenomenon: white students almost never belonged to a team or a club that was less than 3/4 white. If a club’s racial composition got too diverse, it was hard to find a white face, save for clubs in the most diverse schools. There were also a small proportion of ethnic-identity clubs that whites probably did not feel welcome to join.
    We couldn’t help but wonder what if school districts were more proactively (积极地) getting kids involved in these activities — making sure that their participation includes kids from all races, ethnicities and socio-economic backgrounds? To do so, districts and schools would need to actively recruit students into various clubs and activities. They would need to make sure that fees for participation don’t prohibit children from low-income families from joining. Bus schedules, too, would likely also have to be addressed, since they often make it hard for kids from other neighborhoods to participate.
    It would take a real effort, but so many good things come from diverse extracurricular activities, shouldn’t these be fostered?  
To promote extracurricular mixing, the author suggests districts and schools______.
选项 A、rearrange the school shuttles
B、set stricter rules for the activities
C、offer free buses for poor students
D、make some curricular changes
答案A
解析 倒数第二段提到，学区应主动地让所有孩子参加这些课外活动：学区和学校需要积极动员学生参加各种俱乐部和活动；他们需要确保参加费用不至于阻碍来自低收入家庭孩子的参与；校车时刻表问题也可能必须要设法解决。[A]中的rearrange the school shuttles对应该段中的Bus schedules，too，would…be addressed，故答案为[A]。[B]与原文意思相反。[C]是针对该段中Bus schedules所设的干扰项。[D]是对文中extracurricular所设的干扰项。
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