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  3. Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their

Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their

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问题     Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists【C1】______can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially【C2】______they’re young or unmarried.
    That’ s according to a new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. There is widespread【C3】______that motherhood is【C4】______costly in terms of professional career advancement. "In particular, it is often【C5】______that the only way for young women to【C6】______ a challenging career is to remain childless," they wrote. Our study of the academic labor market arrives at a somewhat less【C7】______ picture: We do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists. 【C8】______, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported.
    The authors in early 2012【C9】______about 10, 000 economists through the Research Papers in Economics online platform, 【C10】______the academics’ answers with their publication records. They gauged an economist’ s productivity【C11】______looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal 【C12】______. Among their findings:
    Mothers of at least two children are, 【C13】______ , more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more【C14】______than childless women. Fathers of 【C15】______two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child.
    Parenthood does appear linked to【C16】______productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average, 【C17】______ the equivalent of four years of research【C18】______by the time her kids become teenagers. Women who are married or in a【C19】______ relationship do not have any drop in research productivity in the three years following childbirth. For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third【C20】______the same period.
【C15】
选项 A、smart
B、naughty
C、at least
D、at best
答案C
解析 根据上下文和此句Fathers of two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men中的also可知此句与前面一句为并列关系，上一句比较了“至少拥有两个孩子的母亲平均比只有一个孩子的母亲工作效率更高，有孩子的女性总体上比没有孩子的女性工作效率更高”，而此句是在比较相同情况下，父亲的工作效率如何。故C．at least“至少”与前文相照应，符合题意，为正确答案。smart“聪明的”，naughty“淘气的”，at best“最多”，均不符合题意。
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