首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Why Summer Vacation Won t Make You Happier A)From an informal and highly unscientific survey of friends and colleagues, I can re
Why Summer Vacation Won t Make You Happier A)From an informal and highly unscientific survey of friends and colleagues, I can re
admin
2013-11-18
24
问题
Why Summer Vacation Won t Make You Happier
A)From an informal and highly unscientific survey of friends and colleagues, I can report that the reasons for not feeling happy after returning from vacation include: the flight home(red-eye to New York); realizing what they just did to their credit-card balance; getting back to work; wondering if they should have gone somewhere different; sharp memories of kids fighting constantly in the back seat of the rental car; and sadness that the next vacation will not arrive for months, typically around the end of the year, making them wonder over and over, how am I going to hold out until then? I, in contrast, not having taken a vacation this year and with none scheduled, am positively euphoric(非常高兴的)compared with these unhappy souls: I have something to look forward to and a world of possible destinations to fantasize about.
B)Anecdotes do not equal data, as scientists say, but in this case the anecdotes about vacations failing to give us a post-trip mood boost match the results of years of research. Studies point to an inescapable conclusion: "Generally, there is no difference between vacationers’ and non-vacationers’ post-trip happiness," as the authors of a recent paper in the journal Applied Research in Quality of Life put it. One interesting exception is the period just before taking a vacation, when about-to-be travelers report feeling happier than nonvacationers, possibly because the anticipation puts them in a good mood.
C)But the holiday aftermath is a different story, and a glum one. One small study in 2008 used text messages from vacationers during their holidays to assess how happy they were, and then compared these real-time messages with how people recalled their holiday moods once they’d returned to real life. Vacationers were, overall, happier on holiday than in their normal lives. So far, so good. But once home, they stank at remembering how happy they had been while away, consistently recalling higher levels of happiness than they had reported at the time. That suggests two things: we will ourselves to recall being happy on vacation(if we weren’t happy, why did we just spend all that money?), but by comparison real life feels grimmer.
D)Another small study, from 2004 in the Annals of Tourism Research, measured the effect of a vacation on post-vacation mood more directly, having people fill out a questionnaire that assessed their levels of happiness right before going on holiday and then when they returned.(Nontravelers also filled out the questionnaire, with results confirming that about-to-be vacationers indeed experience an anticipatory high.)The carry-over effect of a vacation on happiness was so small, the best the researchers could report was that vacations are "not causing individuals to feel any worse off than before traveling." I don’t think we’ll be seeing that sentiment on tourist Web sites any time soon. "Come to the Caribbean: you won’t feel any lousier than you did before vacationing here!"
E)Even the small positive effects last about as long as a sunburn. Sure, take a vacation in hopes that it will relieve your burnout, but within three to four weeks people are feeling as stressed out as before, found a 2001 study in which the authors concluded: "Vacation alleviated(减轻)perceived job stress and burnout as predicted... But we found a return to prevacation levels of burnout four weeks later." That may be one reason the sense of happiness fades as well: if you feel just as much burnout a month after returning from vacation as you did before, no wonder you’re grouchy(脾气坏的). This result isn’t from just a single study, by the way: a 2009 meta-analysis of seven reached the same conclusion about the post-vacation letdown.
F)For one thing, holiday trips are not 24/7 bliss. There are missed flight connections, disappointing hotels, bad food, and illness. Looking back on all that, once we’re back home, can understandably put a dent in our happiness. Also, what’s called the peak-end effect can affect post-trip mood. The most intense experiences(peak)and those that occur as the vacation is winding down(end)leave the most lasting impressions. If we fail to pack a few ultrahighs into a trip(swim with the dolphins one day, climb a volcano another)and instead have a lot of so-so pleasant experiences—or start the trip with a bang but end it in a letdown whimper—then post-trip happiness will suffer.
G)Although scientists generally find no correlation between length of a vacation and post-trip contentment, there is one argument in favor of shorter vacations. Say you get 10 days of vacation a year. If you take them as three vacations(of 4 days, 4 days, and 2 days), you will have more final days, when fun experiences have the strongest carry-over effect, and more pre-vacation anticipation highs than if you took two 5-day trips, let alone a single 10-day trip.(The above does not hold if, like me, you find vacation planning so stressful that the very thought of doing it three times a year is enough to make you a workaholic.)
H)The latest study of vacations’ effect on happiness has the virtue of studying a large number of people(1 530). Scientists in the Netherlands had participants answer a questionnaire asking if they had recently "enjoyed their daily tasks," had recently felt "unhappy," or had recently felt "gloomy." Possible answers were "never," "almost never," "sometimes," "very often," and "always. " The study compared responses of the 556 people who did not go on a holiday with those of the 974 who did, controlling for things like personality(extroverts tend to be happier and might vacation more, so you have to subtract this effect from the happiness levels of vacationers).
I)Result: vacationers were happier before their trips than were nonvacationers, confirming the anticipation effect or suggesting that people able to take trips might have more happiness-boosting characteristics(good health, money, friends and family to travel with)than nonvacationers do. But "post-trip happiness did not differ between vacationers and non-vacationers," the scientists found. The travelers’ happiness edge had actually disappeared. Even more sobering, happiness levels post-trip were little different from what they had been before.
J)Even people who had had the least stressful vacations experienced this happiness fadeout, with their sense of contentment falling to pre-trip levels eight weeks after their return. "The benefits of a ’very relaxed’ holiday trip last maximally for two weeks," write the scientists. "A holiday trip does not have a prolonged effect on happiness," and "length of stay is not associated with post-trip happiness. Returning home involves a swift return to pre-trip happiness levels."
The effect of vacation reducing job stress was found to disappear a month later.
选项
答案
E
解析
细节辨认题。定位句提到,假期可以如愿减轻工作压力和劳累,但是我们发现四周之后就回到了度假前的水平。题干中的the effect…disappear a month later是对原文中a return toprevacation levels of burnout four weeks later的同义转述。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/DCS7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Heknowstheanswer.B、Heisnotquitesure.C、Herefusestoanswerthequestion.D、Hehasn’twatchedthemovie.BW:Whatist
Ifyouweretostoppeopleinthestreetandaskthemtonameashipthathadbeensunk,itislikelythatnearlyallofthemwo
Itisacommon__________thatpeopleareinclinedtodothingsthatreceivemostpraise.
WhenRobertoFelizcametotheUSAfromtheDominicanRepublic,heknewonlyafewwordsofEnglish.Educationsoonbecamea【S1】
Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowin
A、Toshowofftheirwealth.B、Tofeelgood.C、Toregaintheirmemory.D、Tobedifferentfromothers.B
A、adogB、acatC、aratD、asnakeC细节题。对话中房东提出公寓里不许养大型动物。如dogs,cats,snakes;想租房子的人说他有只养在笼子里的老鼠,房东同意只要老鼠不跑出来就可以养了,所以正确答案是rat,其他的都是
TheHistoryofLaborDayLaborDay:HowitCameAbout;WhatitMeans"LaborDaydiffersineveryessentialwayfromth
A、Listeningtotheradio.B、Readinganewspaper.C、Watchingtelevision.D、Watchingasportsgame.B此题考查推理能力,题目询问男士在于什么。男士回答说“我还没
OurFutureinSpace:ItHasAlreadyBegun!Weareallspacetravelers.Butwe’vestayedclosetohomeuntilnow.Oneday,we
随机试题
足太阳膀胱经的起始穴是
A.3日内B.10日内C.30日内D.60日内E.3个月内公民、法人或者其他组织申请行政复议的,应当在知道该具体行政行为之日起多少时间内提出
地图编制中,确定地图比例尺不需要考虑的因素是()。
钻孔灌注桩施_丁安全控制要点之一是护筒埋设,护筒埋设安全控制要点是()等。
商品期货合约名称中一般注明()。[2009年9月真题]
根据以下资料,回答106—110题2008年,银行业金融机构实现税后利润5834亿元;资本利润率17.1%;资产利润率1.0%。从结构来看,净利息收入、投资收益和手续费收入是收入构成的三个主要部分(见图1)。2008年底,我国银行业金融机构流动性比例50
当前,出口贸易技术壁垒非常严重,应对国外对我国出口贸易产品的技术壁垒和技术限制,请考生从政府的角度谈一下,如何应对?你作为相关岗位人员,如何保持随时获得最新信息,维护本国出口利益?
TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,______isoftenthecaseinothercountr
孔子《六经》
A、Togetafeedbackaboutthephone.B、Tofindoutwheretheproblemlies.C、Togetthephonefixedimmediately.D、Toapologyfo
最新回复
(
0
)