首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time o
The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time o
admin
2013-03-27
40
问题
The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine. From the time of the ancient Greeks to the beginning of the 20th century, it was generally accepted by both physician and patient that the mind can affect the course of illness, and it seemed natural to apply this concept in medical treatments of disease. After the discovery of antibiotics, a new assumption arose that treatment of infectious or inflammatory disease requires only the elimination of the foreign organism or agent that triggers the illness. In the rush to discover new antibiotics and drugs that cure specific infections and diseases, the fact that the body’s own responses can influence susceptibility to disease and its course was largely ignored by medical researchers.
It is ironic that research into infectious and inflammatory disease first led 20th-century medicine to reject the idea that the mind influences physical illness, and now research in the same field—including the work of our laboratory and of our collaborators at the National Institutes of Health—is proving the contrary. New molecular and pharmacological tools have made it possible for us to identify the intricate network that exists between the immune system and the brain, a network that allows the two systems to signal each other continuously and rapidly. Chemicals produced by immune cells signal the brain, and the brain in turn sends chemical signals to restrain the immune system. These same chemical signals also affect behavior and the response to stress. Disruption of this communication network in any way, whether inherited or through drugs, toxic substances or surgery, exacerbates the diseases that these systems guard against: infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune and associated mood disorders.
The clinical significance of these findings is likely to prove. They hold the promise of extending the range of therapeutic treatments available for various disorders, as drugs previously known to work primarily for nervous system problems are shown to be effective against immune maladies, and vice versa. They also help to substantiate the popularly held impression(still discounted in some medical circles)that our state of mind can influence how well we resist or recover from infectious or inflammatory diseases.
The brain’s stress response system is activated in threatening situations. The immune system responds automatically to pathogens and foreign molecules. These two response systems are the body’s principal means for maintaining an internal steady state called homeostasis. A substantial proportion of human cellular machinery is dedicated to maintaining it.
When homeostasis is disturbed or threatened, a repertoire of molecular, cellular and behavioral responses comes into play. These responses attempt to counteract the disturbing forces in order to reestablish a steady state. They can be specific to the foreign invader or a particular stress, or they can be generalized and nonspecific when the threat to homeostasis exceeds a certain threshold. The adaptive responses may themselves turn into stressors capable of producing disease. We are just beginning to understand the many ways in which the brain and the immune system are interdependent, how they help to regulate and counterregulate each other and how they themselves can malfunction and produce diseases.
Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
选项
A、Taking the cure at a mountain sanatorium doesn’t work for the treatment for many chronic diseases.
B、The relaxing effects of hot-springs spa can help restore the communication between the brain and immune system.
C、The disruption of the brain’s stress response reduces the body’s response.
D、Depression is also associated with inflammatory disease.
答案
D
解析
本文第一句就指出,精神在身体疾病治疗方面起着重要作用。第二段又说,新的分子和药理学工具使我们能够证实存在于免疫系统和大脑之间的复杂网络,这个网络可以让免疫系统和大脑相互迅速地发出连续的信号。免疫细胞所产生的化学物质向大脑发出信号,大脑反过来发送化学信号来抑制免疫系统。这些相同的化学信号也影响了人们的行为和对压力的反应。任何方式造成的信息网络中断,无论是遗传还是药物、有毒物质或手术,都会使防御系统预防的下列病症恶化:感染、发炎、自体免疫和相关的情绪障碍。最后一段又说,大脑和免疫系统在许多方面都是相互依赖的,它们相互帮助调节和反调节,以及它们本身会发生故障并引发疾病。据此可以推知,抑郁症也与炎症性疾病有关,D项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/DDmO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Inadditiontobetteringgroupandindividualperformance,cooperation______thequalityofinterpersonalrelationship.
InreadingthepagesofScience,Ihavebeenstruckbythestunningprogressbeingmadeinscienceandengineeringnewphenomena
Probablyoneofthemostrevolutionaryinnovationsinscienceduringthiscenturywastherecognitionofthedualityofmatter;【
Resistancetothe1954UnitedStatesSupremeCourtdecisionterminatingsegregationplacedtheschoolsinthemiddleofabitter
He______somuchworkthathecouldn’treallydoitefficiently.
Manyinstructorsbelievethataninformal,relaxedclassroomenvironmentis【C1】______tolearningandinnovation.Itisnotuncom
Seventeen-year-oldQuantaeWilliamsdoesn’tunderstandwhytheU.S.SupremeCourtstruckdownhisschooldistrict’sracialdive
Direction:Writeashortcompositionofabout250to300wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.(15%)Topic:CommentontheDevelopment
Humanchoice,nottheintrinsiccontentofscience,determinestheoutcomeandscientists,ashumanbeings,thereforehaveaspecial
ThecurrentemergencyinMexicoCitythathastaken,overourlivesisnothing.Icouldeverhaveimaginedformeormychildren
随机试题
A.窄谱抗生素B.广谱抗生素C.抑菌性抗生素D.杀菌性抗生素E.联合应用抗生素混合感染时选用
关于胶原纤维,下列哪项错误()。
放射性131I复方碘溶液
脾之液为
党的十七大报告指出,社会主义社会是全面发展、全面进步的社会。中国特色社会主义事业的总体布局是由()构成的。
某考生在一项测验中得分60,经换算百分等级为70,这表明在所有考生中,得分低于该考生的人数占总人数的()
我国宪法规定:“中华人民共和国公民有依照法律纳税的义务。”对于该条文,下列理解正确的有()。(2013年多选57)
我国农业合作化过程中建立的农业生产互助组的性质是
按照采购控制程序的规定,在采购合同招标前,由项目部提交采购项目的工作说明书(SOW)。某项目按计划要采购一批笔记本电脑,项目经理给采购部提交了采购文件,主要内容有数量、配置、性能和交货日期。以下叙述正确的是______。
Parents’Homework:FindPerfectTeachersforKidsTomiHalldidwhatshecouldtolobbyforthebestteachersforhertwoch
最新回复
(
0
)