首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
During the reign of Augustus the Rome army became a professional one. Its core of legionaires was composed of Roman citizens who
During the reign of Augustus the Rome army became a professional one. Its core of legionaires was composed of Roman citizens who
admin
2010-03-25
72
问题
During the reign of Augustus the Rome army became a professional one. Its core of legionaires was composed of Roman citizens who served for a minimum of twenty five years. Augustus in his reign tried to eliminate the loyalty of the legions to the generals who commanded them, forcing them to take an oath of allegiance directly to him. While the legions remained relatively loyal to Augustus during his reign, under others, especially the more corrupt emperors or those who unwisely treated the military poorly, the legions often took power into their own hands. Legions continued to move farther and farther to the outskirts of society, especially in the later periods of the empire as the majority of legionaires no longer came from Italy, and were instead born in the provinces. The loyalty the legions felt to their emperor only degraded more with time, and lead in the 2nd Centry and 3rd Century to a large number of military usurpers and civil wars. By the time of the military officer emperors that characterized the period following the Crisis of the Third Century the Roman army was just as likely to be attacking itself as an outside invader.
Both the pre-and post-Marian armies were greatly assisted by auxiliary troops. A typical Roman legion was accompanied by a matching auxiliary legion. In the pre-Marian army these auxiliary troops were Italians, and often Latins, from cities near Rome. The post-Marian army incorporated these Italian soldiers into its standard legions (as all Italians were Roman citizens after the Social War). Its auxiliary troops were made up of foreigners from provinces distant to Rome, who gained Roman citizenship after completing their twenty five years of service. This system of foreign auxiliaries allowed the post-Marian army to strengthen traditional weak points of the Roman system, such as light missile troops and cavalry, with foreign specialists, especially as the richer classes took less and less part of military affairs and the Roman army lost much of its domestic calvary.
At the beginning of the Imperial period the number of legions was 60, which Augustus more than halved to 28, numbering at approximately 160,000 men. As more territory was conquered throughout the Imperial period, this fluctuated into the mid-thirties. At the same time, at the beginning of the Imperial period the foreign auxiliaries made up a rather small portion of the military, but continued to rise, so that by the end of the period of the Five Good Emperors they probably equalled the legionaires in number, giving a combined total of between 300,000 and 400,000 men in the Army.
The last major reform of the Imperial Army came under the reign of Diocletian in the late 3rd Century. During the instability that had marked most of that century, the army had fallen in number and lost much of its ability to effectively police and defend the empire. He quickly recruited a large number of men, increasing the number of legionaires from between 150,000-200,000 to 350,000-400,000, effectively doubling the number in a case of quantity over quality.
At the beginning of the Imperial period, the foreign auxiliaries ______.
选项
A、made up 60 legions
B、equalled the legionaires in number,
C、didn’t make up a big portion of Rome army
D、declined in Rome army
答案
C
解析
倒数第二段指出,在帝国时代的初期,罗马军队有60个军团,而非后备部队有60个军团,所以 A不正确,文章指出,在五善帝时代的后期,外国后备军可能同军团人数持平,同题目中的帝国时代初期时间上不一致,所以B也不对,这一段还指出,尽管外国后备军的数量在增加,但仍然只占了罗马军队的一小部分,所以D所说的数量下降不正确,而C是正确的。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/DDqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TheInternetisanexcellentsourceforfindingmanytypesofinformationandforkeepingupwithnewdevelopmentsintheworld.
Weallhaveproblemsandbarriersthatblockourprogressorpreventusfrommovingintonewareas.Ourproblemsmightincludet
InAmericatherearenonoblesormenofletters,andthecommonfolkmistrustthewealthy.Consequently,【C1】______formthehig
InAmericatherearenonoblesormenofletters,andthecommonfolkmistrustthewealthy.Consequently,【C1】______formthehig
A、Thereisanagreementforabantobeacceptedonwhalehunting.B、Peopleinrichcountriesshouldrefusetobuywhaleproduct
TheUnitedNationsHumanRightsCouncilwasformerSecretaryGeneralKofiAnnan’sdreamchild:anew,strongerinstitutiontore
A、Becausethequalityofproductscannotbeguaranteedwithoutit.B、Becausetheindustriesneedittomonitortheaccuracyofs
In1965,America’sbigcompanieshadahellofayear.Thestockmarketwasbooming.Saleswererisingbriskly,profitmarginsw
RecreationalcyclingappearstohavepeakedintheUS,itspopularitycrestingsometimeduringLanceArmstrong’srecordrunsat
A、Heisinterestedinscience.B、Hechangeshismindeasily.C、Heisnotgoodatpaintingatall.D、Hedoesn’tworryaboutthes
随机试题
在应激反应中,血浆浓度升高的激素有
由于股票始终置身于股票市场而不能退出,所以,通过发行股票所筹措到的资金在公司存续期间是一笔稳定的资本。()
利用住宅专项维修资金购买国债,应当在银行间债券市场购买一级市场新发行的国债,并持有到期。()
智能住宅小区的基本功能有()。
上海证券交易所国债买断式回购单笔交易数量在()手(含)以上,可采用大宗交易方式进行。
保险公司可用自有资金及银监会规定的可用于投资的资金投资于( )。
下列各项中,不属于企业利润表项目的是()。
为消除经营者集中对竞争造成的不利影响,反垄断执法机构可以在批准集中时附加业务剥离的条件。下列关于业务剥离的表述中,符合反垄断法律制度规定的有()。
下列关于土地增值税的说法,错误的有()。
课程标准是有关学校教学教育工作的指导性文件。
最新回复
(
0
)