首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
admin
2015-12-31
26
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or ever to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to______.
选项
A、have the lights turned on
B、get the milk
C、please their parents
D、be praised
答案
A
解析
本题仍是一道具体细节题。问帕剖赛克的实验中婴儿学做摇头的动作是为了干什么。利用查阅式阅读法,根据第三段后半部分内容,如果他们左右摆头能点亮显示灯,他们不仅能学会左右摆头,而且还能学会相当复杂的摆头方式,如向一边连续摆两次或三次,只要这种摆头动作能点亮显示灯。因此,本题的正确答案应是A“婴儿学会做摇头的动作是为了开灯”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/DEPO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
Heshould______beallowedtogetupuntilhehascompletelyrecoveredfromhisillness.
Whetheryouareloggingontoyourpersonalcomputer,usingacreditcard,ordisarmingadoorsecuritysystem,passwordsorPIN
Tobeagoodpoetoneneeds,amongotherthings,avery______imagination.
Inthispassage,scientistswarnof______.Accordingtothepassage,inthelongrun,abruptclimatechange______.
Thepicturesquesceneryofhishometownhasoften______himtowritepoems.
TheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthisconductingresearchtodeterminethepsychologicaleffectsofusingdrugs.
Ifwecontinuetodestroythecountryside,moreanimalswillbecome______.
Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswhere
TheWarrantyHoldingsGroup,aEuropeanleaderinmechanicalbreakdowninsuranceandaresearcherandcommentatorontrendsinm
随机试题
下列部位做增强扫描时不需做动态增强的是
Z145A型震压式造型机可生产的最大砂型,其砂箱内腔尺寸为400mm。()
理想的声学造影剂微气泡应具有下列哪些特点
无权代理行为所产生的法律后果包括()。
货币市场基金节假日的收益公告是指货币市场基金放开申购赎回后,在遇到法定节假日时,于节假日结束后第二个自然日披露节假日期间的每万份基金净收益,节假日最后一日的7日年化收益率,以及()节假日后首个开放日的每万份基金净收益和7日年化收益率。
如图ABCD是一个梯形,E是AD的中点,直线CE把梯形分成甲、乙两部分,其面积之比是15:7。问上底AB与下底CD的长度之比是()。
有人说警察是服务者,有人说警察是执行者,你怎么看?
A县的茶叶加工是作坊式的,效益很低,茶叶70元一斤;邻县的茶叶走品牌路线,效益很好,同质量的茶叶却卖到1000。你怎么看?
关系数据库中的关系模型事实上可以看作是一个二维表,这个二维表中的列称为______。
Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguistics(utterances)as
最新回复
(
0
)