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  3. Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommenda

Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommenda

admin2021-01-06  24
问题     Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.
    As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.
    "Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had," says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. " Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ’The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind. "
    Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1, 200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.
    Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation.
    "We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level." Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.
What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?
选项 A、They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.
B、They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.
C、They provide objective information without exaggeration.
D、They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.
答案B
解析 推理判断题。第三段第一句提到凯海琳．达特说，优秀的推荐信一般会这样写：这是我带过的最好的学生。第二句接着将优秀的推荐信与一封“还不错”的推荐信进行对比，后者会写：该申请者效率高或很聪明，是个理智的科学家等这种明显生硬的赞扬，但这并没有让申请者从众多申请人中脱颖而出。题干问有关给女性申请者写的推荐信，研究发现了什么。结合上文女性获得优秀推荐信的几率大概是男性的一半这一研究结果可以推断，女性收到的往往不是优秀的推荐信，而是“还不错”的推荐信，这些推荐信没有包含使她们脱颖而出的内容，故答案为B)。
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