首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In or Out? British further education colleges did not traditionally have any concerns about student dropout, because the ori
In or Out? British further education colleges did not traditionally have any concerns about student dropout, because the ori
admin
2012-07-11
76
问题
In or Out?
British further education colleges did not traditionally have any concerns about student dropout, because the origins of the sector were in vocational apprenticeship training for employers where the apprentices could not drop out without endangering their job. In the 70s, this sector began to expand into more general education courses, which were seen both as an alternative to school for 16 to 18-year-old and a second chance for adults. The philosophy was mainly liberal with students regarded as adults who should not be heavily monitored, but rather free to make their own decisions; it was not uncommon to hear academic staff argue that attendance at classes was purely voluntary.
In the 80s, with an increased consciousness of equal opportunities, the focus of the further education colleges moved to widening participation, encouraging into colleges students from previously under-represented groups, particularly from ethnic minorities. This, in turn, led to a curriculum which was more representative of the new student body. For example, there were initiatives to ensure the incorporation of literature by black writers into A-level literature courses; history syllabuses were altered to move beyond a purely Eurocentric view of the world; and geography syllabuses began to look at the politics of maps.
A turning point came in 1991 with the publication of a report on completion rates by the government inspection body for education, Her Majesty’s Inspectorate for England and Wales, (HMI 1991). However, this report was based on academic staff’s explanations of why students had left. It suggested that the vast majority left either for personal reasons or because they had found employment and that only 10% left for reasons that could in any way be attributed to the college.
Meanwhile, Britain had been going through the Thatcher’s revolution and, in parallel to the Reagan politics of the US, a key principle was the need to reduce taxation drastically. At this point (and to a large extent still), further and higher education colleges were almost entirely funded from the public purse. There had been many cuts in this funding through the 80s, but no one had really looked at value for money.
However, in the early 90s, the Audit Commission with Office of Standards in Education (OFSTED) (the new version of HMI) turned the spotlight onto further education and published a seminal report, Unfinished Business (Audit Commission and OFSTED 1993), which showed that drop-out was happening on a significant scale and, crucially given the politics of the time, attributed a cost to the state of £ 500 million, arguing that this was a waste of public (i.e. taxpayers) money.
To quote Yorke (1999), non-completion became political. The Audit Commission report coincided with government moves to privatize the functions of the state as much as possible; and with the decision to remove further education from the control of local government and give it a quasi-dependent status, where colleges were governed by independent boards of governors bidding to the state for funding to run educational provision. As part of this, a new series of principles for funding and bidding were developed (FEFC 1994) which incorporated severe financial penalties for student dropout.
In essence, the system is that almost all the state funding is attached to the individual student. There is funding for initial advice and guidance, on-course delivery and student achievement, but if the student drops out, the college loses that funding immediately, so that loss of students in the first term leads to an immediate loss of college funding for the other two terms. Not surprisingly, this focused the concern of colleges immediately and sharply on the need to improve student retention rates.
Recently, therefore, there has been considerable effort to improve retention but, as Martinez (1995) pointed out, there was no body of research on which to base strategies. An additional complexity was that colleges had been slow to computerize their student data and most colleges were in the position of not knowing what their retention rates were or any patterns involved. Where data did exist it was held separately by either administrative or academic staff with poor communication between these groups. Colleges, however, jumped into a number of strategies based largely on experience, instinct and common sense and publication of these began. (Martinez 1996; Martinez 1997; Kenwright 1996; Kenwright 1997)
The main strategies tried are outlined in the literature as summarized by Martinez (1996). These include sorting activities around entry to ensure best fit, supporting activities including child care, financial support and enrichment/learner support, and connecting activities to strengthen the relationship between the college and the student, including mentoring and tutorials and activities to transform the student, and including raising of expectations and study/career development support and tutoring.
The HMI’s report focused on completion rates, based on______of reasons for students’ departure from college.
选项
答案
academic staff’s explanations
解析
本题涉及到HMI关于大学辍学率的报告。该段首句提到,1991年,由政府教育检查机构——英格兰和威尔士皇家检察署发表的一篇关于毕业率的报道成为英国继续教育的转折点。然而,这篇报道是基于大学教师对学生辍学的原因解释。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/DKE7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassageq
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledDoCollegeStudentsNeedCareerOrientatio
Beforethe1850stheUnitedStateshadanumberofsmallcolleges,mostofthemdatingfromcolonialdays.Theyweresmall,chur
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledMyViewonOnlineShopping.Youshouldwri
A、Itdropssharply.B、Itfallsslowly.C、Itstaysthesame.D、Itincreasesslowly.B女士问男士对突然降温的古典音乐的看法,男士则回答说这并不是一个突发的情况,而是多年来缓慢
NASAInventionsYouMightUseEveryDayIn1958,PresidentEisenhowersignedtheSpaceAct,officiallycreatingtheNationa
A、Supervisorandstudent.B、Colleagues.C、Editorandcontributor.D、Customerandtypist.C男士提到自己的文章无法在规定日期内上交,女士则提到不会在本月的时事通讯中寻找
Althoughclichésaboutthe"vulnerability"ofwomenintheeconomyhavebeendisprovedbyhardBLSdata,wewanttobelievethem
Agreatmanypeopleareafflictedwithshyness.Commonsenseindicatesthatitisacomplicatedbehaviorpattern【B1】______byps
Whyinanageofadvancedtechnology,shouldsomanypeoplestillclingtoanancientbelief?Inpartitmustbebecauseastrolo
随机试题
男,65岁,因肠梗阻1周保守治疗无效,拟急症行剖腹探查手术,患者有高血压病史10年。手术前检查.T38℃,血压160/100mmHg,心率100次/分,心电图示ST一T改变,血生化、血气分析结果正常。麻醉后患者立即出现血压下降,首先应该考虑
结石性胆囊炎较常用且有效的检查方法是
公路建设项目管理中交钥匙管理方式是指()。
下列关于建设投资(不含建设期利息)估算方法的描述中不恰当的是()。
期末编制会计报表的依据是总分类账和明细分类账。()
行为金融的BSV模型认为,投资者在进行决策时会产生的偏差有()。
随着预算执行不断补充预算,使预算期间保持一定的时期跨度的预算编制方法是()。
侵权民事责任分为一般侵权民事责任和特殊侵权民事责任。特殊侵权民事责任与一般侵权民事责任的构成要件区别在于
InSeptember,inBritain,youmayseealotofbirds【C1】______onroofsandtelegraphwires.Thesebirdsareswallows.Theyare【C
Bysayingthathehadabighouseandagoodcarhe_____________(哄骗这个女孩与他结婚).
最新回复
(
0
)