首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Cowboy or spaceman? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a Br
Cowboy or spaceman? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a Br
admin
2019-08-08
18
问题
Cowboy or spaceman? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a British economist, in an essay published in 1966. 【F1】
We have run our economies, he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources, confident that more lies over the horizon.
But the Earth is less a grassland than a spaceship—a closed system, alone in space, carrying finite supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental limits. In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. 【F2】
"Ecological economists", as they call themselves, do not want to revolutionise at the margins of economics, but to revolutionise its aims and assumptions.
What do they say—and will their ideas achieve lift-off?
To its practitioners, their starting point is to recognise that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. 【F3】
But it is ignored in conventional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist.
That is a mistake, say ecological economists.
They are suspicious of GDP, a crude measure which does not take account of resource depletion, unpaid work, and countless other factors. 【F4】
In its place they advocate more holistic approaches (整体分析法 ), such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI)(真是发展指数), a composite index that includes things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents.
While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person peaked in 1978: by destroying our environment we are making ourselves poorer, not richer.
Mainstream economists are unimpressed. The GPI, they point out, is a subjective measure. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, a gloomy 18th century cleric who predicted, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human ingenuity finds solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists warn against self-satisfaction. In 2009 a paper in Nature, a scientific journal, argued that human activity is already overstepping safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. 【F5】
That suggests that ecological economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.
It may be no bad thing if economics became a little more Neil Armstrong, and a little less Jesse James.
【F3】
选项
答案
但这一点在传统的课本中被忽略了。书中那些整齐的图表显示,废弃物的流动路径是在公司、家庭和政府之间的,仿佛大自然是不存在的。
解析
①本句为复合句,包含一个定语从句,该定语从句中又包含一个方式状语从句。主句为被动句,it指代前文出现的概念Our environment,they note,is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes。②定语从句为主谓宾结构,先行词是逗号前的textbooks,说明传统课本里如何表现废弃物的流动路径。③定语从句还嵌套着一个方式状语从句,as though引导词意为“好像,似乎”,说明传统课本是以基本忽略自然存在的方式去表现废弃物的流动路径。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/DP2Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
AnonymityisnotsomethingwhichwasinventedwiththeInternet.Anonymityandpseudonymityhasoccurredthroughouthistory.For
Therobotsarecoming.Theseconddecadesofthe21thcenturywillseetheriseofmerchandizedarmythatwillrevolutionizethe
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwords,theoriginoflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowistha
[A]Sowhatdoesthisteachus?WelearnthatintheUnitedStates,wealthychildrenattendingpublicschoolsthatservetheweal
Ascompaniescontinuetocutcosts,thedaysoffrequentpromotionsareadistantmemory.Soarethedaysofendlessopportuniti
IntheUnitedStatestoday,alargegroupofpeoplewantacollegeeducation.However,everyoneisnotabletoattendafour-yea
TheEarth’sdailyclock,measuredinasinglerevolution,istwenty-fourhours.Thehumanclock,【C1】______,isactuallyaboutt
Supposeyouaregoingtoattenduniversitygraduatesecond-roundexam,andyouwanttogetsomeadvice.Writeanemailtoaseni
TheEconomistcalculatesthataroundtheworldalmost290million15-to24-year-oldsareneitherworkingnorstudying:almosta
People’sfinancialhistoryhasastrongimpactontheirtasteforrisk.LookingatsurveysofAmericanhousehold【C1】______from1
随机试题
大肠杆菌的靛基质试验为阳性,是因为大肠杆菌能分解()。
为消除可摘局部义齿不稳定,错误的方法是
某国有企业的工程项目,建设单位通过招标选择一家具有相应资质的造价事务所承担施工招标代理和施工阶段造价控制工作,并在中标通知书发出后的第45天,与该事务所签订委托合同。之后双方又另行签订一份酬金比中标价低10%的协议。在施工公开招标中,业主代表为了更好地控
管片拼装螺栓质量及拧紧度必须符合()要求。
人们对风险管理的需要和对安全感的追求催生了保险的( )功能,这一功能也因而成为保险最为本质的功能,也是保险的最终目的。
某种产品采用GB/T2828.1,现有连续25批产品的检验记录及转移得分和严格度的部分结果,如表3.3-2所示。其中,AQL=1.0(%),IL=Ⅱ。第13批时,转移得分为()。
()是某一固定观念在个体脑中反复出现,他无法摆脱而感到痛苦。
一节好课的标准是什么?
在单因素重复测量的方差分析中,有8名被试参加了实验,实验共有四种处理,那么误差的自由度是
根据题意可知方程组(Ⅱ)中方程组个数<未知数个数,从而(Ⅱ)必有无穷[*]
最新回复
(
0
)