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  3. Forget smart uniforms and small classes. The secret to excellent grades and thriving students is teachers. 【F1】One American stud

Forget smart uniforms and small classes. The secret to excellent grades and thriving students is teachers. 【F1】One American stud

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问题    Forget smart uniforms and small classes. The secret to excellent grades and thriving students is teachers. 【F1】One American study found that in a single year’s teaching the top 10% of teachers impart three times as much learning to their pupils as the worst 10% do. 【F2】Another suggests that, if black pupils were taught by the best quarter of teachers, the gap between their achievement and that of white pupils would disappear.
   But efforts to ensure that every teacher can teach are hindered by the powerful myth that good teachers are born, not made. 【F3】Government policies, which often start from the same assumption, seek to raise teaching standards by attracting high-flying graduates to join the profession and urging bad teachers to leave.
   The premise that teaching ability is something you either have or don’t is mistaken. A new breed of teacher-trainers is founding a rigorous science of pedagogy. The aim is to make ordinary teachers great, just as sports coaches help athletes of all abilities to improve their personal best. Done right, this will revolutionise schools and change lives.
   Education has a history of moving clumsily from one miracle solution to the next. The best of them even do some good. Teach for America, and the dozens of organisations it has inspired in other countries, have brought ambitious, energetic new graduates into the profession. And dismissing teachers for bad performance has boosted results in Washington, DC, and elsewhere. But each approach has its limits. Teaching is a mass profession: it cannot grab all the top graduates, year after year. 【F4】When poor teachers are fired, new ones are needed—and they will have been trained in the very same system that failed to make fine teachers out of their predecessors. By contrast, the idea of improving the average teacher could revolutionise the entire profession.
   What teachers fail to learn in universities and teacher-training colleges they rarely pick up on the job. They become better teachers in their first few years as they get to grips with real pupils in real classrooms, but after that improvements tail off. This is largely because schools neglect their most important pupils: teachers themselves.
   If this is to change, teachers need to learn how to impart knowledge and prepare young minds to receive and retain it. 【F5】Teacher-training institutions need to be more rigorous—rather as a century ago medical schools strengthened the capacities of doctors by introducing systematic curriculums and providing clinical experience. Big changes are needed in schools, too, to ensure that teachers improve throughout their careers.
【F3】
选项
答案通常出于同样假定的政府政策会试图通过吸引学有所成的毕业生入行以及敦促不合格老师离职来提高教学水平。
解析 ①本句为复合句，包含which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Government policies，说明政府政策制定的出发点也是同样的假定。②主句中的介词短语by attracting high-flying…urging bad teachers to leave作方式状语，表示提高教学水平的方式。③attract sb．to do意为“吸引某人做……”；合成词high-flying作形容词用，表示“取得成就的”；urge sb．to do意为“催促某人做……”。
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