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  3. " Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, " are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which h

" Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, " are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which h

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问题     " Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote, " are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation. "
    Two and a half centuries on, most countries impose some sort of tax on alcohol and tobacco. With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.
    Whether such taxes work is a matter of debate. A preliminary review of Mexico’s taxation found a fall in purchases of taxed drinks as well as a rise in sales of untaxed and healthier drinks. By contrast, a Danish tax on foods high in fats was abandoned a year after its introduction, amid claims that consumers were avoiding it by crossing the border to Germany to satisfy their desire for cheaper, fattier fare.
    The food industry has, in general, been firmly opposed to such direct government action. Nonetheless, the renewed focus on waistlines means that industry groups are under pressure to demonstrate their products are healthy as well as tasty.
    Over the past three decades, the industry has made some efforts to improve the quality of its offerings. For example, some drink manufacturers have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.
Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient. More recently, however, some companies have been investing money in a more ambitious undertaking: learning how to adjust the fundamental make-up of the food they sell. For example, having salt on the outside, but none on the inside, reduces the salt content without changing the taste.
    While reformulating recipes(配方)is one way to improve public health, it should be part of a multi-sided approach. The key is to remember that there is not just one solution. To deal with obesity, a mixture of approaches—including reformulation, taxation and adjusting portion sizes—will be needed. There is no silver bullet.
What is the more recent effort by food companies to make foods and drinks both healthy and tasty?
选项 A、Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.
B、Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.
C、Investing in research to find ways to adapt to consumers’ needs.
D、Adjusting the physical composition of their products.
答案D
解析 事实细节题。第六段指出，食品公司也在采取措施提高自己产品的质量。之前采取的方式是要么减少糖、盐或脂肪的含量，要么找替代成分。但是最近的努力方向是学习如何调整食品的基本物质构成。因此D)“调整其产品的物质构成”是对原文的转述，故本题答案为D)。
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