首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made
In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made
admin
2014-09-18
46
问题
In 1896 a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contri- bution to the family, there was no liability for damages. In contrast, less than a century later, in 1979, the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of $ 750,000.
The transformation in social values implicit in juxtaposing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizer’s excellent book, Pricing the Priceless Child. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the "useful" child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the "useless" child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to, its parents, is yet considered emotionally " priceless." Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’ s, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory educa- tion laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child’ s emotional value made child labor taboo.
For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex. The gradual erosion of children’s productive value in a maturing industrial economy, the decline in birth and death rates, especially in child mortality, and the development of the companionate family (a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty)were all factors critical in changing the assessment of children’ s worth. Yet "expulsion of children from the ’ cash nexus’.. . although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic, occupational, and family structures," Zelizer maintains, "was also part of a cultural process ’ of sacralization’ of children’ s lives." Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans, she suggests; this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.
In stressing the cultural determinants of a child’s worth, Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new "sociological economics," who have analyzed such traditionally sociological topics as crime, marriage, education, and health solely in terms of their economic determinants. Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual " preferences," these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain. Zelizer is highly critical of this approach, and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon: the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms, she argues, their "exchange" or "surrender" value on the market, that is, the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms, became much greater.
Zelizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of children’ s worth EXCEPT changes in
选项
A、the mortality rate.
B、the nature of industry.
C、the nature of the family.
D、attitudes toward reform movements.
E、attitudes toward the marketplace.
答案
D
解析
Zelizer提出以下几个对儿童价值变化起重大影响的因素,除了哪一个没有提?A.死亡率,L38提到。B.工业性质,L35—36。C.家庭性质,L38~43。D.对改革运动的态度。正确。显然原文没有提过。E.对市场的态度,即L54—57所说的美国人为了防止市场观念对儿童的侵袭而将儿童价值“神圣化”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/DctO777K
本试题收录于:
GMAT VERBAL题库GMAT分类
0
GMAT VERBAL
GMAT
相关试题推荐
Workershadbeenwaitingforfavorableweatherconditionstoundertaketheoperation,
Newspapersarenotnearlyaspopulartodayastleywereinthepast.Therearenotverymanypeoplewhoseriouslyreadanewspa
SpeakerA:Bob,______?SpeakerB:Youmustbekidding.Lasttimeyoualmostmademeball.
Mr.WangteachesEnglishinamiddleschool.Helikeshisworkverymuch.Hewanted【C1】______ateacherevenwhenhewasayoung
Whentheviolinistfinishedhisperformance,theaudiencestoodupand______forfiveminutes.
Homer:Excuseme,whatisthebestwayformetoimprovemyEnglish?Cyril:______Ifyoudon’tpractice,nothingelsecanhelp
Youaretowritein100-120wordsonthetopicTurnOffYourCellPhone.Youshouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiv
InChinaitisrelativelyusualtoaskpeopletheirage,butintheWestthisquestionisgenerallyregardedasimpolite.Thisi
Studiesofskilledlanguagelearnershaveidentifiedspecificlisteningstrategiesthatleadtosuperiorcomprehension
TheAmericancouplehave________atwo-year-oldchild,wholosthisparentsinanearthquake.
随机试题
47岁妇女,14岁月经初潮,既往月经规律,周期28~30天,持续5天,近一年月经周期不规则,20~35天行经一次,持续7~12天干净,经量多。目前该妇女的卵巢状况为
男,30岁,夜间醒来四肢不能自主,语言、呼吸无障碍。T:36.5℃;P:112次/min,R:20/min:BP:120/70mmHg;甲状腺I度肿大,未闻及血管杂音,无震颤。心、肺、腹(一);四肢腱反射未引出,肌力I级这种异常的最大可能是由于
A.柴胡疏肝散B.调营饮C.附子理中汤合五苓散D.一贯煎合膈下遂瘀汤E.胃苓汤治疗肝硬化脾肾阳虚证,应首选
既为防水材料又兼为屋面结构的是()。
根据《支付结算办法》的规定,既可以用于支取现金,又可以用于转账的支票是()。
委托的基本要素包括()
下列关于证券投资风险的表述中,不正确的是()。
根据劳动合同法律制度的规定,劳动者在试用期内,可以解除劳动合同,但需要按照规定期限提前通知用人单位。该期限是()日。
龙口开发区消防站向市政府申请购置一辆新的云梯消防车,这种云梯消防车是扑灭高层建筑火灾的重要设施。市政府否决了这项申请,理由是:龙口开发区现只有五幢高层建筑,消防站现有的云梯消防车足够了。以下哪项是市政府的决定所必须假设的?
关于ARM处理器的工作模式,以下说法错误的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)