首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The psychologist Edwin G. Boring preferred "current of belief" as the English expression for the German word Zeitgeist, used by
The psychologist Edwin G. Boring preferred "current of belief" as the English expression for the German word Zeitgeist, used by
admin
2013-01-12
71
问题
The psychologist Edwin G. Boring preferred "current of belief" as the English expression for the German word Zeitgeist, used by Goethe in 1827 to describe what comes together in the minds of many "neither by agreement nor by self-determined under the multiplicity of climates of opinion." That current runs above the multiple conversations conducted about how to interpret the past, how to assess the present, and how to predict and prepare for the future. For more than a century, social science has participated in all of these conversations, informing the climates of opinion that shape society, culture, and polities.
Writing on the relationship between public opinion and representative government, the historian Lewis Namier asked, "Where is it to be found? And how is it to be ascertained? How many people hold clear articulate views even about the most important national concerns? And if their views are original and well-grounded, what chance is there of their being representative?" Social-scientific method has improved our numerical understanding of "public opinion," but it is the unique responsibility of social scientists to inform that opinion whether it is representative or not. Namier understood that public opinion, the currents of belief, the Zeitgeist were capable of humbling the powerful. "There is such a thing as a logic of ideas, and ideas, when looked at from a distance, seem to have an independent life and existence of their own; their (logic) is the outcome of the slow, hardly conscious thinking of the masses, very primitive, simplified in the process of accumulation, and in its mass advance deprived of all individual features, like the pebbles in a riverbed. And there is such a thing as a mental atmosphere, which at times becomes so all-pervading that hardly anyone can withdraw himself from its influence."
For example, political assumptions about the role of government, however different they may be, have a familiar ideological stability about them, even as numerous struggles persist over government’s function in maintaining public order and in rectifying injustice. Political Liberalism, expressed as a defense of the welfare state, gave welfare policy a popularly good name for more than a half century. Social security, medicare, and mortgage deductions have all contributed to maintaining a middle class according to liberal principles of social welfare. Libertarian sentimentalists may balk at(回避,畏缩不前)the negative externalities created by such long-term, good intentions as keeping the elderly out of poverty, if not out of nursing homes, but it seems unlikely in the short term, at least, that any substantial social, religious, or political movement of self-respect will emerge among the classes presently benefiting the most from the largesse(赏赐物)they are responsible for creating.
Social-scientific understanding is distinct from political conviction, but the two have a long relationship that seems likely to continue, regardless of ideological cross-currents. Such crosscurrents of confidence, as it were, have in recent decades defined the battles over the legacy of the most tragic consequences, however unintended, of social welfare policy: in the case of the poor, the role of government gave "welfare" a bad name. As that welfare policy transfers to individual states, social scientists, whatever their methodologies, have a responsibility to continue informing public understanding about the conditions of entire populations and sub-groups within those populations. They will continue to face the difficulty of how to acknowledge the limits of their knowledge at any moment in time.
In Paragraph 3, we can mainly learn that ______.
选项
A、the role of government may offer the ideological stability
B、social security, medicare, and mortgage deductions matters a lot
C、political assumptions on society and economics are ideologically stable
D、government’s function is maintaining public order and rectifying injustice
答案
D
解析
第三段以政治假设为例,阐述了政府的重要功能。本段的第一句是选[D]的依据。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Df9O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Foryears,doctorshavegivencancerpatientsthreemaintreatments:surgery,radiationandchemotherapy.Nowresearchersared
Foryears,doctorshavegivencancerpatientsthreemaintreatments:surgery,radiationandchemotherapy.Nowresearchersared
Psychologistsagreethathumanbeingshaveastrongneedto______theirtime;havingtoomuchidletimecanbeasstressfulas
Researcherswhorefusetosharedatawithothersmay【31】otherstowithholdresultsfromthem,【32】astudybyhealth-policyanalys
Researcherswhorefusetosharedatawithothersmay【31】otherstowithholdresultsfromthem,【32】astudybyhealth-policyanalys
Researcherswhorefusetosharedatawithothersmay【31】otherstowithholdresultsfromthem,【32】astudybyhealth-policyanalys
A【51】offoreignwordsstilllooklikeforeignwords;thereareoftenexpressionswhich【52】originallyusedbypeoplewhowantedt
A【51】offoreignwordsstilllooklikeforeignwords;thereareoftenexpressionswhich【52】originallyusedbypeoplewhowantedt
A【51】offoreignwordsstilllooklikeforeignwords;thereareoftenexpressionswhich【52】originallyusedbypeoplewhowantedt
A【51】offoreignwordsstilllooklikeforeignwords;thereareoftenexpressionswhich【52】originallyusedbypeoplewhowantedt
随机试题
Isupposethatthemostbasicandpowerfulwaytoconnecttoanotherpersonistolisten.Justlisten.Perhapsthemostimportan
桂枝在五苓散中的作用是()
下列哪项不是胆矾的主治病症
患者,女性,31岁。行胆总管切开取石、T管引流术,目前为术后第10天,T管引流液每日200ml左右。无腹胀、腹痛,手术切口已拆线。体检示:皮肤及巩膜黄疸已消退,体温36.5℃,脉搏80次/分钟,血压105/60mmHg。根据患者术后时间及病情,可考虑
某施工合同约定按固定价结算工程价款。完工后双方无法就调价问题达成一致,施工企业起诉并请求进行造价鉴定。关于该案鉴定的说法,正确的是()。
复式记账法主要包括()。
20×5年6月1日,居住甲市市北区的康某与郭某酒后打架,致使郭某多处软组织挫伤,甲市市北区公安局依据《治安管理处罚法》的规定,以康某殴打他人为由,于同年6月3日给予康某行政拘留5天、罚款200元的行政处罚,郭某认为处罚太轻,遂于同年6月7日向市公安局申请复
关于不同工作分析方法适用范围的说法,正确的是()。
王某有一栋可以眺望海景的别墅,当他得知有一栋大楼将要建设,从此不能再从别墅眺望海景时,就将别墅卖给想得到一套可以眺望海景的房屋的张某。王某的行为违背了民法的()。
Manyayoungpersonstellsmehewantstobeawriter.【M1】______Ialwaysencouragesuchpeople,butIalsoexpla
最新回复
(
0
)