2. 考研
  3. [A] What, precisely, qualifies someone as a workaholic? There’s still no single accepted medical definition. But psychologists h

[A] What, precisely, qualifies someone as a workaholic? There’s still no single accepted medical definition. But psychologists h

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问题 [A] What, precisely, qualifies someone as a workaholic? There’s still no single accepted medical definition. But psychologists have tried to distinguish people merely devoted to their careers from the true addicts. A seminal 1992 paper on how to measure the condition argued that sufferers work not only compulsively but also with little enjoyment. Newer diagnostic tests attempt to single out those who binge and then suffer from withdrawal—just as someone would with, say, a gambling or cocaine habit.
[B] Oates coined the now-ubiquitous term in a 1968 essay, in which he confessed that his own addiction to industriousness had been a disorder akin to substance abuse. Of course, he acknowledged, workaholism is much more socially respectable than drinking a fifth a day—more the sort of personality trait that might help someone, say, earn an obit in the paper of record.
[C] The condition may well have a certain social cachet; as the psychologist Bryan Robinson once put it, work addiction might be "the best-dressed mental health problem" of them all. In one of the rare economic studies on the subject, researchers found that the educated and affluent were much more likely than lower-income Americans to put off retirement, a possible sign of workaholism in action.
[D] Even as the precise outlines of workaholism remain a bit fuzzy, various studies have tried to identify its physical and emotional effects. At the risk of carrying on like a Pfizer ad: research has associated it with sleep problems, weight gain, high blood pressure, anxiety, and depression. That’s to say nothing of its toll on family members. Perhaps unsurprisingly, spouses of workaholics tend to report unhappiness with their marriages. Having a workaholic parent is hardly better. A study of college undergraduates found that children of workaholics scored 72 percent higher on measures of depression than children of alcoholics. They also exhibited more-severe levels of "parentification"—a term family therapists use for sons and daughters who, as the paper put it, "are parents to their own parents and sacrifice their own needs... to accommodate and care for the emotional needs and pursuits of parents or another family member".
[E] In Japan, there’s a word for death by overwork—karoshi. The country’s courts have even recognized it as a basis for wrongful-death suits.
[F] How many people are true workaholics? One recent estimate suggests that about 10 percent of U. S. adults might qualify; the proportion is as high as 23 percent among lawyers, doctors, and psychologists. Still more people may be inclined to call themselves workaholics, whether or not they actually are: in 1998, 27 percent of Canadians told the country’s General Social Survey that they were workaholics, including 38 percent of those with incomes over $80,000. (Even among those with no income, 22 percent called themselves workaholics! Presumably some were busy homemakers and students.)
[G] When the American psychologist Wayne Oates died in 1999, The New York Times began his obituary by noting two facts. First, the man had authored an astonishing 57 books. Second—and presumably not coincidentally—he had invented the word workaholic.

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答案D
解析 前一段落首句提出问题：什么样的人才算是工作狂，第二句紧接着表明关于工作狂目前仍然没有一个公认的医学定义。而[D]的主要内容是关于工作狂对本人及家人的影响。本段第一句指出即使对工作狂的界定仍有点模糊，各种研究已试图确认其生理影响和情感效应，句首的even表示与上文是转折关系，这是一个承上启下的句子，让文章的内容很自然地从工作狂的定义转变到工作狂的影响，故答案是[D]。
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