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  3. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

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问题     Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an 【C1】______burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】______retirement could help.
    Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】______one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】______reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】______of those in work for their income. The 【C6】______is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【C7】______life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】______size. Public pension payments, which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】______to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.【C10】______is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today’s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】______for.
    Action is needed,【C12】______simply aiming to reduce the【C13】______(and cost) of public pensions, or trying to 【C14】______the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C15】______to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】______early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】______and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】______persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】______and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】______rate should rise anew.
【C4】
选项 A、substantial
B、essential
C、potential
D、controversial
答案B
解析 考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：______原因是更多的人退休早而寿命却更长。本段下文都在论述这一原因，可见它是很重要的。B．essential“实质的，基本的”，符合句意，为正确答案。substantial“大量的，重大的”，常指因为数量大而重要；potential“潜在的，可能的”；controversial“有争议的”，均不符合题意。
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