2. 外语
  3. Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as l

Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as l

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问题     Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief.
    Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of their society, though heredity(遗传)may determine some emotional behaviour. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions.
    Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behaviour originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if they are aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged. The cats could not feel their body’ s internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behaviour. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of psychology called behaviourism, observed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotions—fear, anger, and love. Watson’s view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919.
    The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a person encounters an important event or thought. The person’ s interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away.
    Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic emotions. These emotions—which can exist at various levels of intensity— are anger, fear, joy, sadness, acceptance, disgusts, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colours produce all others.
The James-Lange theory of emotions______.
选项 A、overlooked internal physical reactions
B、exaggerated the function of stimulating events
C、faced a challenge from counter evidence
D、offered a narrow interpretation of emotions
答案C
解析 细节题。根据James-Lange theory将答案定位到第三段But this theory wasnot upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged．“但是人们不支持这个理论(詹姆士一兰格的情感理论)。”可知詹姆士一兰格的情感理论面临着反对证据的挑战，和选项C的表达一致，counter作为形容词表示“相反的，反对的”。所以答案选C。
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