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  3. An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted——the trouble is，no one knows which half．In the internet age

An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted——the trouble is，no one knows which half．In the internet age

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问题    An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted——the trouble is，no one knows which half．In the internet age，at least in theory，this fraction can be much reduced．By watching what people search for，click on and say online，companies can aim“behavioral”ads at those most
likely to buy．
    In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine grained-information：Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads?Or should they have explicit permission?
    In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission(FTC)proposed adding a “do nottrack” (DNT)option to internet browsers，so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed．Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT；Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year．In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests．
    On May 31st Microsoft set off the row：It said that Internet Explorer 10，the version due to appear in Windows 8，would have DNT as a default．
    Advertisers are horrified．Human nature being what it is，most people stick with default settings．Few switch DNT on now，but if tracking is off it will stay off．Bob Liodice，the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers，one of the groups in the DAA，says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences．“People will not get fewer ads．”he says．“They’ll get less meaningful．less targeted ads．”
    It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond．Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking，although some companies have promised to do so．Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default，some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway．
  Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone．After all，it has an ad business too，which it says will comply with DNT requests，though it is still working out how．If it is trying to upset Google，which relies almost wholly on advertising，it has chosen an indirect method：there is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm．DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for Windows 8——though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google’s on that count before．Brendon Lynch，Microsoft’s chief privacy officer，blogged：“we believe consumers should have more control．”Could it really be that simple?
It is suggested in Paragraph 1 that “behavioral” ads help advertisers to__________．
选项 A、ease competition among themselves
B、lower their operational costs
C、avoid complaints from consumers
D、provide better online services
答案B
解析 推断题。根据题干定位到第一段。此段大意为：在互联网时代，花在广告上的钱可以缩减一半，因为企业可以通过观察人们的搜索、点击内容等，使得广告更有针对性，从而减少这部分钱的花费，即B项“降低运作成本”为正确答案。A项“缓和广告商之间的竞争”、C项“避免消费者的抱怨”和D项“提供更好的网上服务”原文均未提及。故本题选B。
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