首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The t
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The t
admin
2017-04-13
79
问题
Organizations and societies rely on fines and rewards to harness people’s self-interest in the service of the common good. The threat of a ticket keeps drivers in line, and the promise of a bonus inspires high performance. But incentives can also backfire, diminishing the very behavior they’re meant to encourage.
A generation ago, Richard Titmuss claimed that paying people to donate blood reduced the supply. Economists were skeptical, citing a lack of empirical evidence. But since then, new data and models have prompted a sea change in how economists think about incentives—showing, among other things, that Titmuss was right often enough that businesses should take note.
Experimental economists have found that offering to pay women for donating blood decreases the number willing to donate by almost half, and that letting them contribute the payment to charity reverses the effect. Dozens of recent experiments show that rewarding self-interest with economic incentives can backfire when they undermine what Adam Smith called "the moral sentiments." The psychology here has escaped blackboard economists, but it will be no surprise to people in business: When we take a job or buy a car, we are not only trying to get stuff—we are also trying to be a certain kind of person. People desire to be esteemed by others and to be seen as ethical and dignified. And they don’t want to be taken for suckers. Rewarding blood donations may backfire because it suggests that the donor is less interested in being altruistic than in making a dollar. Incentives also run into trouble when they signal that the employer mistrusts the employee or is greedy. Close supervision of workers coupled with pay for performance is textbook economics—and a prescription for sullen employees.
Perhaps most important, incentives affect what our actions signal, whether we’re being self-interested or civic-minded, manipulated or trusted, and they can imply—sometimes wrongly—what motivates us. Fines or public rebukes that appeal to our moral sentiments by signaling social disapproval(think of littering)can be highly effective. But incentives go wrong when they offend or diminish our ethical sensibilities.
This does not mean it’s impossible to appeal to self-interested and ethical motivations at the same time—just that efforts to do so often fail. Ideally, policies support socially valued ends not only by harnessing self-interest but also by encouraging public-spiritedness. The small tax on plastic grocery bags enacted in Ireland in 2002 that resulted in their virtual elimination appears to have had such an effect. It punished offenders monetarily while conveying a moral message. Carrying a plastic bag joined wearing a fur coat in the gallery of anti-social anachronisms.
The small tax on plastic grocery bags in Ireland is mentioned to show that
选项
A、Ireland is determined to eliminate plastic pollution.
B、incentive policies by the government are more effective.
C、incentives can harness egoism and inspire altruism.
D、monetary punishments usually have moral implications.
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。根据plastic grocery bags或Ireland定位到第五段。该段提到,政策不仅通过遏制自我利益,而且通过鼓励公益精神来支持社会价值取向,C项符合文意,故为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/EhbZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtles(海龟)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforether
TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonpr
TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonpr
THEtime-honoredwaytospeakofyoungpeopleiswithhorror.They’rewild,reckless,irresponsible,narcissistic,immoraland
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,
Ifyoucan’ttellasmilefromascowl,you’reprobablynotgettingenoughsleep."Recognizingtheemotionalexpressionsofsom
Ifyoucan’ttellasmilefromascowl,you’reprobablynotgettingenoughsleep."Recognizingtheemotionalexpressionsofsom
Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthetable,and2)giveyourcomments
【F1】Asanyparentsofayoungchildwhoisaproblemsleeperwillconfirm,permanenttirednessandconstantirritabilitycanput
随机试题
询价对象有下列()情形之一的,中国证券业协会应当将其从询价对象名单中去除。 Ⅰ.不再符合《证券发行与承销管理办法》规定的条件 Ⅱ.最近12个月内因违反相关监管要求被监管谈话3次以上 Ⅲ.未按时提交年度总结报告 Ⅳ.最近12个月没
万某,慢性菌痢患者,用保留灌肠治疗,操作过程正确的是
产生药物副作用是由于
14岁男孩,平素喜踢足球,近1周右小腿上端前侧疼痛。查体:右小腿上端前侧隆起,皮肤无红肿发热及静脉怒张,压痛明显。X线片示胫骨结节骨骺增大、致密。应首先考虑的诊断是胫骨结节
被告人江某与被害人郑某是同一家电脑公司的工作人员,二人同住一间集体宿舍。某日,郑某将自己的信用卡交江某保管,3天之后索回。一周后,郑某发现自己的信用卡丢失,到银行挂失时,得知卡上1.5万元已被人取走。郑某报案后,司法机关找到了江某。江承认是其所为,但对作案
某大型商业大厦建设工程项目,业主与施工单位及监理单位分别签订了工程施工合同和委托监理合同。工程开工后曾发生下列事件。1.在工程的基础施工中,由于施工班组的违章作业,使经过监理人员检验合格的基础钢筋出现位移质量事故,在混凝土浇筑不久后,被监理方发现,
消防丁程设备和材料进场验收,重点关注(),保管时要满足防潮,防霉变,防高温和防强磁场等特殊要求。
授予专利权的发明或实用新型应当不属于现有技术。现有技术是指申请日以前()的技术。
已知向量组(Ⅰ)α1,α2,α3,α4线性无关,则与(Ⅰ)等价的向量组是()
Wherewastheletterprobablyplacedmanyyearsago?
最新回复
(
0
)