2. 外语
  3. Consumer advocate: It is generally true, at least in this state, that lawyers who advertise a specific service charge less for t

Consumer advocate: It is generally true, at least in this state, that lawyers who advertise a specific service charge less for t

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问题 Consumer advocate: It is generally true, at least in this state, that lawyers who advertise a specific service charge less for that service than lawyers who do not advertise. It is also true that each time restrictions on the advertising of legal services have been eliminated, the number of lawyers advertising their services has increased and legal costs to consumers have declined in consequence. However, eliminating the state requirement that legal advertisements must specify fees for specific services would almost certainly increase rather than further reduce consumers’ legal costs. Lawyers would no longer have an incentive to lower their fees when they begin advertising and if no longer required to specify fee arrangements , many lawyers who now advertise would increase their fees. In the consumer advocate’ s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
选项 A、The first is a generalization that the consumer advocate accepts as true; the second is presented as a consequence that follows from the truth of that generalization.
B、The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumer advocate argues will be repeated in the case at issue; the second acknowledges a circumstance in which that pattern would not hold.
C、The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumer advocate predicts will not hold in the case at issue; the second offers a consideration in support of that prediction.
D、The first is evidence that, the consumer advocate offers in support of a certain prediction; the second is that prediction.
E、The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against the main position that the consumer advocate defends; the second is that position.
答案C
解析 在上述论证中，我们重点关注的是黑体部分在整个论证中所起的作用，而此类题目的关键是找到整个论证的结论。这里，论证中的第三个句子中的“However”告知读者该消费者拥护者所要论证的观点：“取消该州要求诉讼广告必须明晰具体服务的费用的做法肯定不会减少消费者的诉讼成本，反而会几乎肯定增加了消费者的诉讼成本”。很明显，在该观点之前的第一个句子与第二个句子表达了两种让步的情形，说明了一个消费者拥护者认同的论断：消费者的诉讼成本随着刊登广告的开放而下降。在该消费者拥护者所要论证的观点之后的第四个句子是消费者拥护者坚持该观点的原因。因此，我们发现，第一个黑体部分确实表达了一种因果模型，同时，消费者拥护者推测该因果模型在此时会有差异；第二个黑体部分是消费者拥护者用来支持这个推测的一个因素。所以，(C)为正确答案。尽管第一个黑体部分确实是消费者拥护者认为真实的归纳，但该归纳实际上与第二个黑体部分中所做的推测相冲突，所以(A)不正确。尽管第一个黑体部分确实说明了一种因果模型，但消费者拥护者的推测在该情形下这一模型并站不住脚，所以(B)不正确。由于消费者拥护者并没有用第一个黑体部分支持任何推测，反而它与消费者拥护者自身的推测相冲突，所以(D)不正确。尽管(E)中第一个黑体部分的作用的描述到位正确，但由于消费者拥护者捍卫的观点并不是第二个黑体部分，而是“取消该州要求诉讼广告必须明晰具体服务的费用的做法肯定不会减少消费者的诉讼成本，反而会几乎肯定增加了消费者的诉讼成本”，所以(E)不正确。
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