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  3. New York City Council passed the ban on smoking in its parks and on its beaches on the principle that a nonsmoker shouldn’t have

New York City Council passed the ban on smoking in its parks and on its beaches on the principle that a nonsmoker shouldn’t have

admin2021-11-29  2
问题     New York City Council passed the ban on smoking in its parks and on its beaches on the principle that a nonsmoker shouldn’t have to inhale even a tiny amount of secondhand smoke, whether in a bar or a Central Park meadow. But while there is a strong public-health case for banning smoking indoors, the case for banning it outdoors is much weaker—particularly when it runs the risk of a backlash that could undermine the basic goals of the antismoking movement.
    True, there is evidence that being near someone smoking, even outdoors, can result in significant secondhand smoke exposure. Researchers at Stanford found that levels of tobacco smoke within three feet of a smoker outside are comparable to inside levels. But no evidence demonstrates that the duration of outdoor exposure — in places where people can move freely about — is long enough to cause substantial health damage.
    But that hasn’t stopped many opponents of smoking. Citing new research, they have argued that even transient exposure to tobacco smoke can cause cardiovascular disease and could trigger acute cardia events, such as heart attack, and that inhaling even the smallest amount of tobacco smoke can also damage your DNA, which can lead to cancer.
    However, the surgeon general’s statement confuses the temporary negative effects of secondhand smoke on the circulatory system, which have been shown to occur with short-term exposure, with heart disease, a process that requires repeated exposure and recurring damage to the coronary arteries. It also confuses one-time DNA damage, which occurs with any carcinogenic exposure, with cancer risk, which likewise generally requires repeated exposure.
    Moreover, bans like New York’s may actually increase exposure by creating smoke-filled areas near part entrances that cannot be avoided.
    To make matters worse, in trying to convince people that even transient exposure to secondhand smoke is a potentially deadly hazard, smoking opponents risk losing scientific credibility. The antismoking movement has always fought with science on its side, but New York’s ban on outdoor smoking seems to fulfill its opponents’ charge that the movement is being driven instead by an unthinking hatred of tobacco smoke. That, in turn, could Jeopardize more important fronts in the antismoking fight, in particular the 21 states that still allow smoking in bars and restaurants.
    A ban on outdoor smoking may provide a symbolic victory. But from a public health perspective, it’s pointless. Instead, anti-smoking organizations should focus on extending workplace protections, already enjoyed by millions of New Yorkers, to the 100 million Americans still denied the right to work without having to breathe in secondhand smoke.
The author believes that banning smoking outdoors________.
选项 A、is less welcome than banning smoking indoors
B、violates the base goals of the antismoking movement
C、will cheer nonsmokers up
D、is to benefit the public health greatly
答案A
解析 推断题。文章首段第二句the case for banning it outdoors is much weaker表明了作者的观点，即室外禁烟不如室内禁烟意义大，选项A是这句话的同义替换。首段末句“runs the risk of a backlash that could undermine…”意为“其面临着强烈反对的风险，这可能会破坏反吸烟运动的基本目标”，但这只是一种可能性，而B中violate(违背；违反)说辞夸张，因此排除。第五段、第六段末句、末段多次提到室外禁烟的负面作用，并不会cheer up nonsmokers，故C与作者意思相悖。末段明确指出室外禁烟对公众健康意义不大，因此D错误。
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