2. 外语
  3. Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would h

Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would h

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问题                                           Prolonging Human Life
     Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago, Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an in- crease in birthrates, that has 1ed to the population explosion.
     Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency (依赖) load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent of the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine (饥荒), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved (使挨饿), whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to works we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States, many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged (中年) peoples unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare (福利)" if they have a serious illness.
     When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.  
39. In Paragraph 3, the phrase "this need" refers to
选项 A、the need to prolong the lives of old people.
B、the need to enrich the life of the retired people.
C、the need to build profit-making nursing homes.
D、the need to take care of sick and weak people.
答案D
解析
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