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  3. Cancer of the lung is still the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, and although its incidence in men may

Cancer of the lung is still the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, and although its incidence in men may

admin2016-12-06  29
问题     Cancer of the lung is still the leading cause of cancer death in men and women worldwide, and although its incidence in men may be falling in the UK, in much of the world it is rising in both sexes. The first cigarettes had been rolled by soldiers in the Turkish-Egyptian war more than 90 years before the first of the two world wars that popularized smoking. Between 1938 and 1948 lung cancer increased five times faster than other cancers, but these statistics were no match for the impact of Hollywood stars smoking in films. By this time women were smoking almost as much as men.
    There are two main types of lung cancer, determined by the type of cell involved—small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. Around 75% of cases are of the non-small cell variety, the standard small cell lung cancers account for 20% and a few rarer types of lung cancer complete the balance. About 90% of all lung cancer cases can be attributed to smoking. The outcome is still not good. The five-year survival rate in those with lung cancer is approximately 15%.
    Depending on the type of cancer, surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be used, but if the cancer has not spread, the first line of treatment is usually surgery. If the tumor has spread, either radiotherapy, chemotherapy or both may be used, sometimes in combination.
    The choice of treatment will depend on the type of cell forming the cancer and the extent of its growth. Advanced non-small cell cancer is usually treated with chemotherapy and in these cases radiotherapy is used for symptomatic treatment. Likewise in small cell cancer, which has usually spread beyond the original site at diagnosis so that surgery is unlikely to be used and the mainstay of treatment is chemotherapy and radiation.
When was the beginning of the popularization of smoking?
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答案The first world war．
解析 第1段第2句中定语从句的先行词是the two world wars，指出两次世界大战都使香烟流行起来。但the two world wars却不是正确答案。要正确回答本题，就要注意题目中的beginning，两次世界大战都是吸烟增多的原因，但两次世界大战有先有后，“最先”使香烟流行起来的应该是the first world war。
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