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  3. Japanese businesses are dvided into two main categories. The first is that of the major corportations that work closely with the

Japanese businesses are dvided into two main categories. The first is that of the major corportations that work closely with the

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问题 Japanese businesses are dvided into two main categories. The first is that of the major corportations that work closely with the Ministery of International Trade and Industry. These large Japanese corportations employ approximately one third of the Japanese work force. Approxinately 30 percent of Japanese frims are in this category. The second category, comprising 70 percent of Japanese firms, is that of smaller businesses employing the other two thirds of the work force. Smaller companies often have ties to the large companies and do subcontracting work. Companies in the second category do not offer lifetime employment. For the major companies, the advantage of subcontracting is that in times of recession they can reduce their orders to subcontractors and avoid having to fire their own employees.
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答案日本公司分为两大类。一类是在业务上与国际贸易和工业部来往密切的大公司。这些日本大公司雇用了本国大约1/3的劳动力。日本约30%的公司属于这一类。第二类公司规模小，雇用其余2/3的劳动力，占日本公司总数的70%。小型公司常与大公司有业务往来，承做些分包业务。这类小型公司不提供终身工作。对于大型公司来说，他们派分包业务的优势是：在萧条时期可以少派给小公司的分包订单以避免自己裁减员工。
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