首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the curren
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the curren
admin
2012-03-23
80
问题
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the current buzzword in reading instruction. The problem is that speed isn’t the only element to fluency, educators said. Key elements are also accuracy and expressiveness.
"The food was delectable" is different from "the food was detestable," and Shakespeare should not sound like a chemistry textbook.
It is a complicated process teaching students to recognize enough words and read at a consistent rate so they can spend their time concentrating on meaning rather than decoding, educators said. And when tackling a book such as "The Giver," one that deals with a boy’s discovery that his utopian world comes at the expense of the stifling of intellectual and emotional freedom, meaning is critical.
"Fluent readers are readers who know how to dig into a book and pull out just what they are looking for— whether it is information, a part with strong language, a part with good character development, or just a chance to read for fun," said Susan Marantz, a longtime teacher now at a suburban school in Columbus, Ohio.
Yet a combination of politics, insufficient teacher development and an inherent difficulty in capturing all aspects of fluency have led to questionable instruction practices, according to Richard Allington, a reading researcher and University of Tennessee professor.
Many students are asked by teachers to reread the same passages over and over—often with constant interruptions from the teacher. And some struggling readers are given books —including textbooks—that are above their reading level and soon become a source of frustration.
"You can make any adult a disfluent reader by giving them books that are too hard and jump in and interrupt them a lot," Allington said. " What do you think it does to kids?"
As a result, some kids are motivated to read only to beat a test clock, he and other researchers said.
"The more important question to ask is: Are teachers focusing on all three parts of fluency?" Beers, vice president elect of the National Council of Teachers of English, wrote in an e-mail. "When fluency is only about building automaticity (and therefore speed), then some (teachers) do mistakenly believe that the point of reading is fast decoding. That’s no more the best measure of a skilled reader than fast driving is the best measure of skilled driver. "
The current interest in reading fluency illustrates the complexities in the long national argument about how best to teach reading, dubbed the "reading wars. "
Advocates of phonics and literature-based instruction have been at odds for years, with the argument only intensifying after a controversial 2000 report by the National Reading Panel. Many reading experts said the panel relied on a limited set of studies that supported, among other things, intensive drilling in phonics. Reading fluency also was one of the key areas for instruction, along with phonemic awareness and phonics instruction, comprehension, teacher education and computer technology. President Bush used the report as a basis for Reading First, a program to improve reading scores that became the centerpiece of his No Child Left Behind law.
Although fluency had long been identified by experts as important, it then became a hot issue.
Reading researchers began devising programs to help teachers improve students’ fluency. And although there was no consensus definition of fluency, panels approving Reading First money accepted programs that used tools that stressed reading speed, according to some educators. A report by the Department of Education’s inspector general this month slammed the grant-approval processing, saying it was riddled with problems and conflicts of interest.
The result, said fluency expert Tim Rasinski of Kent State University, was a message sent to schools to concentrate on speed. "The influence of No Child Left Behind has been such that even schools that aren’t Reading First schools are doing periodic (speed reading) testing of kids," he said.
In Ottumwa, Iowa, Evans Middle School did it a different way. Evans was declared a school in need of improvement in reading in 2004, and Principal Davis Eidahl said he adopted a program focused on reading fluency using a model constructed by Rasinski aimed at improving comprehension.
Some students, he said, came into the school reading fast but understanding little.
"They read so fast, with no punctuation and no expression that we’d go back and ask comprehension questions and they weren’t very successful answering them. " he said.
To slow them down and teach them to talk with expression and comprehension, various exercises were used, including having children read passages to each other and listen to how they sound when reading, asking students to repeat passages, and adding 45 more minutes of reading time each day, he said.
Now, 71 percent of the kids are reading at grade level, up from 58 percent two years ago. What worked, Eidahl said, was addressing all aspects of fluency, maintaining consistency and most importantly, having a quality teacher.
" It all comes down to the teacher," he said. " It’s people, not programs. "
National Reading Panel focuses on______.
选项
A、accuracy
B、speed
C、comprehension
D、expressiveness
答案
B
解析
在第十一段中提到Many reading experts said the panel relied on a limited set of studies that supported,among other things,intensive drilling in phonics,而在此句之前可以得知phonics与强调comprehension的正好是截然不同的两派,所以可以看出National Reading Panel支持intensive drilling in phonics,是与强训accuracy、speed、comprehension、 expressiveness缺一不可的观点相反,只强调speed,所以选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/F6iO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
HowtheSmallpoxWarWasWonTheworld’slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober
By"forefathers"intheUSA,theyusuallyrefertothefollowingfiguresexcept______.
LanguageFamiliesAllofthelanguageswithinalanguagefamilyare【1】andallofthemhaveasimilarhistory.Let’stakeabr
Shestartedinthebathroom.Sheputtheshavingbrush,thedisposablerazor,thetoothbrushandthedentalflossinalargebla
ThefirstAsaninvestmentbankerspecializinginmergersandacquisitions,FrancoisyonHurterspentalotoftimeinairportl
在这同时,要进一步办好国家企业再就业服务中心。企业再就业服务中心要向下岗职工按时足额发放基本生活费,并代他们缴纳社会保险金。对确有困难的中西部地区和老工业基地,中央财政将继续给予支持。不过,各地领导部门要引导职工转变择业观念,努力开拓就业门路,搞好职业培训
A、Ataweddinghall.B、Atapetrolstation.C、Inadowntownshoppingcenter.D、NeartheTurkishHealthMinistry.B
Athrongofbeardedmen,insad-coloredgarmentsandgraysteeple-crownedhats,intermixedwithwomen,somewearinghoodsandot
Athrongofbeardedmen,insad-coloredgarmentsandgraysteeple-crownedhats,intermixedwithwomen,somewearinghoodsandot
泊珍到偏远小镇的育幼院把生在那里养到1岁的孩子接回来。但泊珍看他第一眼,仿似一声雷劈头而来。令她晕头胀脑,这1岁的孩子脸型长得如此熟悉,她心里的第一道声音是,不能带回去!痛苦纠聚心中,眉心发烫发热,胸口郁闷难展,胃里一股气冲喉而上。院长说这孩子发
随机试题
在企业的网站或各门户网站设置有奖问答的市场接触方式是()
以《我的珍藏》为题,写一篇不少于800字的记叙文。
A.肝左叶增大,右叶缩小,肝表面不光滑,肝实质回声增强、增粗,呈网格状B.肝萎缩,肝表面不光滑,肝实质回声增强、增粗,呈结节状C.肝大,肝表面光滑,肝实质回声减弱D.肝大,肝表面光滑,肝实质回声细密、增强,深部回声减弱E.肝大,肝表面光滑,肝实质回
脊柱裂最常发生于
A.指关节梭状畸形B.杵状指C.匙状甲D.浮髌现象E.肢端肥大类风湿关节炎,常表现为()
甲企业破产,将价值2000万元的房地产抵偿债务;另将价值6000万元的房地产转让给非债权人乙企业。当事人各方合计应缴纳契税为()万元。(契税适用税率4%)
企业的盈余公积经过批准,可以用于()用途。
监督风险管理制度的建立和实施是董事会或相关的委员会的监督作用的一部分,董事会()公司实施该制度的有效性。
阅读下面的短文,回答以下问题。“美”字的来源,是“羊大为美”。《说文》对美的注释是“甘也。从羊从大,羊在六畜,主给膳也”,美来源于好吃、味美。孔子的“君子成人之美”,把美与善、美与满足混在一起,他听到韶乐,三月不知肉味即是例证。大哲学家庄子,对美
简述昆体良关于教师的论述。
最新回复
(
0
)