首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Of all the many factors which contributed to the Industrial Revolution, the most revolutionary and the most impressive was not c
Of all the many factors which contributed to the Industrial Revolution, the most revolutionary and the most impressive was not c
admin
2021-03-06
39
问题
Of all the many factors which contributed to the Industrial Revolution, the most revolutionary and the most impressive was not coal but steam power.J.L.and Barbara Hammond said that steam power "declared the triumph of industry and the glory of man".From clumsy and inefficient beginnings it was quickly improved to open up tremendous possibilities for industrial progress.The limitations of muscle—power are obvious, and though water had served well to work bellows and hammers in iron works, or to turn machinery like the water-frame and the mule in the textile industry, it could only be applied in a limited way in Britain.For water power is most useful in a land with many fast-flowing streams and apart from areas like the Pennines, Scotland, and Wales, this country’ s rivers flow slowly.The Alpine area of Europe, and much of the United States relied on water power for much longer than Britain, and hydroelectricity has brought water back into its own in many parts of the world.The geographical limitations of Britain’ s water power, however, necessitated finding an alternative solution to the problem.
When water vaporizes it expands 1,800 times.The idea of harnessing this energy is far from now.It was probably used by Hero of Alexandria in the 1st century B.C. to open temple doors or to pour libations apparently by magic.Hero’ s writings were rediscovered during the Renaissance and many people, including, for example, the Marquis of Worcester (1601 - 1667)experimented with devices using steam.Regretfully, therefore, we must dismiss the old myth that steam power was born in the mind of a bright Scots lad called James Watt as he sat one winter’ s evening watching his mother’s kettle boil on the hearth.Watt’ s contribution to steam is incalculable, but steam-pumps had been used in Britain for over seventy years before he began his work.
The first steam-engine used in industry was invented by Thomas Savery (1650 - 1715).Called "The Miners’ Friend or an engine to raise water by fire", it was patented in 1698 and worked on simple principles.It pumped water from wells quite efficiently and was used successfully in Cornish copper-mines, but its limitations were revealed when it was tried in the Broadwater Collieries in Staffordshire in 1706 and was found to be capable of pumping water up no more than 100 feet.When greater pressure was used the boiler burst.Therefore, Savery’ s engine was used to supply water in gentlemen’ s houses or to work fountains—tasks it could perform effectively, though not quite safely as there was no pressure-gauge.
It was Thomas Newcomen (1663—1729), a Dartmouth blacksmith and ironmonger, who produced the first steam-pump to be used widely in industry.It was known as an "atmospheric engine" because, in contrast to Savery’ s engine, the steam in the cylinder was not used to drive the pump but only to create a partial vacuum when condensed.Ordinary air pressure drove the piston into the cylinder and this raised the pump which was connected to the piston by a see-sawing cross-beam.A large piston meant that it was possible to gain more force without increasing steam pressure and this made Newcomen’ s engine much more powerful than Savery’ s.
The first engine was made about 1706 but it was a clumsy affair.The piston did not fit tightly into the cylinder and condensation, which was achieved by pouring cold water on the outside of the cylinder, was far from complete.Moreover, the tap controlling the passage of steam into the cylinder was worked by hand seven or eight times a minute.These difficulties were ironed out by 1720; water was now sprayed into the cylinder to improve condensation, the operation of the taps had been made automatic, and a safety-valve had been fitted to eliminate the danger of explosion.
The improved engine soon became standard equipment in most large mines, and it was also used to pump water into canals and to supply drinking-water in towns.It is difficult to know exactly how many were in use by the second half of the 18th century but in 1767 fifty-seven were found around Newcastle, and there were eighteen in Cornish mines in 1780.
Why could water power only be applied in a limited way in Britain?
选项
答案
Because rivers flow slowly
解析
题意:为什么在英国水能的应用方式受限制?根据文中第一段第五句话“For water power is most useful in a land with many fast-lowing streams and apart from areas like the Pennines, Scotland, and W ales,this country’s rivers flow slowly.”可知,水能在英国仅被用在一个有限的范围内,原因在于水流的速度很慢,因此,在英国水能的应用方式受到限制是因为水流的速度很慢,故答案为“Because rivers flow slowly.”
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/FIAK777K
本试题收录于:
C类竞赛(非英语专业本科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
C类竞赛(非英语专业本科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
RemarkablePeopleWhatmakesapersonremarkable?Theword"remarkable"means"【D1】______"or"worthyofnotice."Aremarkab
FollowingthewarmreceptionoftheEnglishversionofPeople’sLiterature,alandmarkmagazine【C1】______(record)contemporaryC
FamiliesExactlywhatisafamily?Untilabout50yearsago,thetraditionalAmericanfamilyconsisted【C1】______aworkingh
Whendifficultpeopleexpressthemselvesorally,theygenerallywantatleasttwothings:they’vebeenheardandthey’vebeen
Inmanybusinesses,computershavelargelyreplacedpaperwork,becausetheyarefast,flexible,anddonotmakemistakes.Asone
A.EveningentertainmentB.MaintouristattractionC.GoodtimestovisitD.OtherplacesofinterestE.Introductionandlocat
Howmanycountriesandorganizationswilltakepartinthe2019ChinaBeijingInternationalHorticulturalExhibition?
A、ClerkandcustomerB、BossandsecretaryC、LawyerandclientC
Exchangeaglancewithsomeone,thenlookaway.Doyourealizethatyouhavemadeastatement?Holdtheglanceforasecondlong
Formostofhumanhistory,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhascentered【M1】________onthebenefitside.Inadequacyofenergy
随机试题
学前科学教育活动的主要方法:_______;区角活动;_______;幼儿园一日生活。
甲、乙、丙三人买了一辆汽车跑运输,后因甲乙闹矛盾,遂决定终止共有关系,但谁也不愿意要汽车,对此,应采取的方法是()。A.实物分割B.变价分割C.作价补偿D.赔偿损失
以下关于降钙素叙述。正确的是
问诊的内容应包括
开展培训课程需求度调查的主体不包括()。
素质教育的内容包括_______、_______、_______和_______等四大方面,这是人整体发展的基本素质。
长期以来,我国对经济发展效益的评价是基于单纯的经济数量指标,如国内生产总值(GDP)等,这是造成经济增长的同时背负严重的“生态赤字”的一个重要原因。毋庸置疑,GDP虽然在一定程度上可以反映经济发展的效益,但却不能反映由粗放型经济增长方式带来的高消耗、高能耗
近10年来,中国因为慢性病导致的死亡人数并未大幅攀升,但发病率却在持续增长,中国慢性病经济负担的增长速度远超过疾病经济负担和GDP的增长速度,正逐步吞噬人们的幸福感。如果不能将慢性病作为政府的首要任务加以有效控制,未来不仅将进一步加剧劳动力短缺,而且还会削
试述枉法裁判罪的概念和法律特征。
Shouldeuthanasiabelegalised?Whatisyouropinion?
最新回复
(
0
)