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  3. 基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取 ——2010年英译汉及详解 One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members

基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取 ——2010年英译汉及详解 One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members

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问题 基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取
——2010年英译汉及详解
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.
When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.【F1】Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.
It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,【F2】but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.【F3】Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we here the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself.
Some species of tree have been "read out of the party" by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.【F4】In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.
To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.【F5】It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.
【F5】
选项
答案这一体系往往忽视并最终消灭很多陆地生物群落的物种，它们缺乏商业价值，但对整个生物群落的健康运行却至关重要。
解析 本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。 本句的主干是It tends to ignore many elements，句中的两个that引导的从句在语义上构成转折关系，结构上属于两个并列的定语从句，修饰the land community。本句还有插入语、定语从句以及代词，在处理翻译时应注意正常的语序。
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