首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Layers of Social Class" Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of people’s social standing. U
"Layers of Social Class" Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of people’s social standing. U
admin
2012-01-14
69
问题
"Layers of Social Class"
Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of people’s social standing. Using a layered model of stratification, most sociologists describe the class system in the United States as divided into several classes: upper, upper middle, middle, lower middle, and lower class. Each class is defined by characteristics such as income, occupational prestige, and educational attainment. The different groups are arrayed along a continuum with those with the most money, education, and prestige at the top and those with the least at the bottom.
In the United States, the upper class owns the major share of corporate and personal wealth; it includes those who have held wealth for generations as well as those who have recently become rich. Only a very small proportion of people actually constitute the upper class, but they control vast amounts of wealth and power in the United States. They exercise
enormous
control throughout society. Most of their wealth is inherited.
→
Despite social myths to the contrary, the best predictor of future wealth is the family into which you are born.
Each year, the business magazine Forbes publishes a list of the "Forbes 400"—the four hundred wealthiest families and individuals in the country. Of all the wealth represented on the Forbes 400 list, more than half is inherited. Those on the list who could be called "self-made" were not typically of modest origins; most inherited significant assets (Forbes, 1997; Sklar and Collins,1997). Those in the upper class with newly acquired wealth are known as the nouveau riche. Although they may have vast amounts of money, they are often not accepted into "old rich" circles.
→ The upper middle class includes those with high incomes and high social prestige. They tend to be well-educated professionals or business executives. Their earnings can be quite high indeed--successful business executives can earn millions of dollars a year. It is difficult to estimate exactly how many people fall into this group because of the difficulty of drawing lines between the upper, upper middle, and middle class. Indeed, the upper middle class is often thought of as "middle class" because their lifestyle sets the standard to which many aspire, but this lifestyle is simply beyond the means of a majority of people in the United States.
→ The middle class is hard to define; in part, being "middle class" is more than just economic position. By far the majority of Americans identify themselves as middle class even though they vary widely in lifestyle and in resources at their disposal. But the idea that the United States is an open-class system leads many to think that the majority have a middle-class lifestyle because, in general, people tend not to want to recognize class distinctions in the United States. Thus, the middle class becomes the ubiquitous norm even though many who call themselves middle class have a tenuous hold on this class position.
In the hierarchy of social class, the lower middle class includes workers in the skilled trades and low-income bureaucratic workers, many of whom may actually define themselves as middle class. Examples are blue-collar workers (those in skilled trades who do manual labor) and many service workers, such as secretaries, hairdressers, waitresses, police, and firefighters. Medium to low income, education, and occupational prestige define the lower middle class relative to the class groups above it. The term "lower" in this class designation refers to the relative position of the group in the stratification system, but it has a pejorative sound to many people, especially to people who are members of this class.
→ The lower class is composed
primarity
of the displaced and poor. People in this class have little formal education and are often unemployed or working in minimum-wage jobs.A Forty percent of the poor work; 10 percent work year- round and full time—a proportion that has generally increased over time. Recently, the concept of the underclass has been added to the lower class.B The underclass includes those who have been left behind by
Contemporary
economic developments.C Rejected from the economic system, those in the underclass may become dependent on public assistance or illegal activities.D
All of the following are indicators of prestige in the United States EXCEPT
选项
A、the level of education that a person has achieved
B、the amount of money that an individual has acquired
C、the type of employment that someone pursues
D、the hard work that a person does on a consistent basis
答案
D
解析
Choices A, B, and C are mentioned for the first time in paragraph 1, sentence 1.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/FJyO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.Writethecorrectletterinboxes9-13onyouranswersheet.Accordingtothetext,wh
Lookatthefollowingnamesofpeopleororganisations(Questions33-36)andthelistofopinionsbelow.Matcheachnamewithth
AccordingtoMrSingh,onwhichthingdomanypeoplemakesuperficialobservations?AccordingtoMrSingh,whatgreatadvantage
【21】Whenusingbooks,whatshouldthestudentdefinitelywritedown,apartfromthetitle?
Whatpercentageofthestudentsaremature?Whatpercentageofthestudentsarefromabroad?
Thingsthatseemexcitingandfascinatingcanlaterseem______accordingtoAliandJatinder.The______mayalsohaveinforma
Thingsthatseemexcitingandfascinatingcanlaterseem______accordingtoAliandJatinder.WhatdoesAlisayKatarinashoul
Thestudentsayssheis______whensheisstudyingathome.Theadvisersuggests______withanotherstudentafterlectureso
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.AgricultureandEnvironment(31)productio
Whichgroupgavethefollowingadvice?TickColumnAifitwasmainlywomen.TickColumnBifitwasmainlymen.TickColumnCi
随机试题
A、Shehassomethingwrongwithhernoseonweekends.B、Shehasabadcoldandcan’tgotoschoolonweekdays.C、Hermotherisbu
2017年1月18日,国家主席习近平在日内瓦万国宫出席国际会议并发表了主旨演讲,主张对话协商、共建共享、合作共赢、交流互鉴、绿色低碳,建设一个持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的新世界。这个主旨演讲的题目是()
城市绿化是人工栽培的,应体现人的意志。()
(2017年4月单选第13题)在正式组织中,按照指挥链和职权关系,上级在运用职位权力命令和控制下级的活动和行为时所发生的垂直方向的冲突,这是()
会计核算必须以()为核算的基础和假设条件。
关于质量管理八项原则,下列说法不正确的是()。
经县级以上公安机关负责人批准,应当补充鉴定的情形的有()。
反应结构也称反向,是一种应付挫折和减少焦虑的心理防御机制,是指意识性地采取某种与潜意识所完全相反的看法和行动,因为真实意识表现出来不符合社会道德规范或引起内心焦虑,故朝相反的途径释放。根据上述定义,下列不属于反应结构的是()。
简述中国古代史官到史馆修史制度的演变。(北京大学2003年中国通史真题)
FiveThingsforCollegeGraduatestoKnowI.Degreedoesnot【T1】______youtoajob【T1】______A.Yoursituationaftergraduatio
最新回复
(
0
)