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  3. While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It i

While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It i

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问题     While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste society.
    Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or the so-called social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom.
    As a movement, fashion shows little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle, it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have, or require, an ideology. Further, since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement, it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.
It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement
选项 A、is a form of expressive behavior.
B、contributes a great deal to the way of crowd behavior.
C、can boost the morale of its participants.
D、functions in the same way as specific social movements.
答案A
解析 从本文可推断出，时尚运动[A]是一种表现行为。[B]极大地促进了群体行为方式的形成。[C]能够提高参与者的士气。[D]与特定的社会运动发挥作用的方式一样。根据文章最后一段及上一题的分析，可排除[B]、[C]、[D]。文章最后一句说，人们是自愿地、作为对时尚施加给他们的有趣而强大的控制的反应，而加入到时尚运动中来。由此可以推断时尚运动是一种表现行为，故选[A]。
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