首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Audience Audience is a very important concept for writing. The audience influences the content, structure, style, etc of your
Audience Audience is a very important concept for writing. The audience influences the content, structure, style, etc of your
admin
2013-10-08
75
问题
Audience
Audience is a very important concept for writing.
The audience influences the content, structure, style,
etc of your writing. You need to analyze your audience
in terms of
1. Your social relations
Through writing, you are making social
【1】______ with other members of the society. 【1】______
2. Their 【2】______of your subject 【2】______
This analysis is particularly valuable in【3】 【3】______
______writing.
3. Their 【4】______ to the subject and your 【4】______
position in the writing
This analysis is extremely important in 【5】______ 【5】______
writing.
1)To those who agree, 【6】______ the importance 【6】______
of your position;
2 )To those who are neutral or undecided, address
their 【7】______ as directly and fully as possible; 【7】______
3)To whose who disagree, try to find out why
they disagree. There may be two reasons for their
disagreement:
—lack of information
—personal, poetical, or 【8】______reasons 【8】______
For the former, give them relevant information as
【9】______as possible. 【9】______
For the latter, you need to show your 【10】______ 【10】______
of them and address them accordingly.
【3】
Good morning. Before you write something, you need to have a dear idea of the topic, the audience, and the purpose of your writing. In this lecture, we’ll concentrate on one of these elements, the audience. This is a very important concept for writing. The term audience usually refers to viewers of movies and TV shows and listeners of radio programs. Here we expand it to include readers of written materials in discussions of writing activities. Why is this concept so important? As shown in the example in our book, the same topic, when written to different audiences, can have very different content, structure, style, etc. Thus, the importance of a keen awareness of your audience throughout the writing process can not be overemphasized. Audiences can be examined from three different perspectives:
1. your social relations to your audience;
2. your audience’s knowledge about your subject;
3. your audience’s attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing.
Let’s discuss them one by one. Now, first point, analyze your audience in terms of your social relations. Whenever you write, you are interacting with other members of the society. Are you writing to a friend of yours? To a colleague? To the director of your business firm? To the admission office of an American college? In each situation, you have a different social relationship with your audience and this relationship has a definite impact on the shape of your writing. No one in his or her fight mind would write a letter of application to the dean of the graduate school as if the dean was one of his or her buddies.
The second point, analyze your audience in terms of their knowledge of the subject you are writing about. This analysis is valuable particularly in informative and explanatory writing. Suppose you are writing a paper comparing the Mid-autumn Festival to Thanksgiving, how much knowledge would you assume your American readers already have about the Chinese holiday and how much about their own? Obviously, vary little about the former and a whole lot about the latter. In such a paper, you want to take care not to bore your readers to death by telling them what they already know while leaving them tantalizingly unsatisfied about what they are so eager to learn. The emphasis here should be to show the striking differences and subtle parallels rather than to give exhaustively detailed information on each holiday.
Now, the third point, analyze your audience in terms of their attitudes or viewpoints to the subject and your position in the writing. This analysis is vitally important in writing persuasive or argumentative essays, which is much more complex and challenging. In a persuasive essay you present reasons and arguments to convince your readers that they should accept a belief or to take a position or a specific action. For persuasive or argumentative writings, you can classify audiences into three groups: those who agree, those who are neutral or undecided, and those who disagree.
When writing to an audience who already sees eye to eye with you about a controversial issue, is there much you need to do? Not much. If you are addressing an audience who already shares your view about developing and maintaining a mature and constructive relationship between China and the United States in the 21st century, all you need to do is reiterate why such a relationship is in the vital interests of both countries and of the whole world.
When writing to audiences who are neutral or undecided, you have the most to do and can hope to achieve a lot. Say you want to propose that a new financial aid system be established to help those bright students in rural and less prosperous areas of the country. You are concerned that with today’s new tuition policy and practice, those students will be priced out of a chance for the high education they deserve so much. Some people may be undecided because they have some doubts and concerns: where does the money needed for such an aid come from? What are the specific standards whereby to award scholarships? Are there more lair and efficient alternative solutions? Once you find out why your audiences are undecided, you need to address their doubts and concerns as directly and fully as possible. You have a fairly good chance of winning them over when their questions are answered satisfactorily.
And audiences who disagree are the most difficult to write to. Different’ people disagree with you for different reasons. Some of them may have already given the issue a thought and have already made a choice; therefore, it is extremely difficult to change their minds. Others who disagree may net have had the time to think it over seriously. There are two main possible reasons why your audiences may disagree with you: l ) because they don’t have the "facts" or because they look at the same "facts" differently. 2) because they are influenced by their personal opinion, prejudice, and political or religious beliefs. Once you have found why they disagree, you can decide what is the best approach to such audiences. If it is a lack of information, your job is to give them the relevant historical as well as up to date information as accurately as possible. If it is for personal, political and religions reasons, you need to recognize them, understand them, and address them accordingly.
Now ,we can see that audience awareness is so crucial to the success of your writing. In actual practice, you may need to analyze your audience in terms of three factors: social relations, knowledge, and viewpoints in order to decide the best approach for your writing. And in the next lecture, we’ll discuss the writing purpose and your role in the writing.
Thank you for your attention!
选项
答案
informative and explanatory
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/FhZO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Duringtheearlyyearsofthiscentury,wheatwasseenastheverylifebloodofWesternCanada.Peopleoncitystreetswatched
TheMiddleAtlanticRegionisthenervecenterofthecountrybecause______.
Povertyexistsbecauseoursocietyisanunequalone,andtherearepowerfulpoliticalpressurestokeepthemthatway.(1)_____
PreparingforTestsI.Students’attitudetotest—Tounderstandthe(1)_____ofthetests—Physicalandmentalapproach—Howto
Excessivecaloriesfromsugarcancontributetoweightproblems,andsugarisalsowellknownforitsabilitytopromoteteethd
Beyonddemographics,theUnitedStatesconfrontswitharangeofother(1)______challenges.Globalizationisonthetopofthat
______isthescientificstudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandoftherulesbywhichwordsareformed.
WhatisStevenSlater?
WhichofthefollowingsportswasNOTinventedinBritain?
WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutAmberStevensisINCORRECT?
随机试题
信用是指经济活动中的一种借贷行为,是以偿还和付息为条件的价值()让渡。
基金销售机构对于所属已获得基金销售资格的从业人员,应参照()的要求,组织与基金销售相关的职业培训。
A.超范围开展计划生育服务B.刊登、广播计划生育服务广告C.三年中两年计划生育手术量未超过50例D.人员未能达到技术要求而开展计划生育技术服务E.发生计划生育技术服务三级医疗事故《计划生育技术服务管理规范》规定暂缓3个月校验的情况有
临床上最常出现血尿的疾病是
A.1年B.2年C.3年D.5年E.10年医疗用《麻醉药品购用印鉴卡》的有效期限为
旅行社申报或登记的企业名称,应当符合企业名称登记管理的有关规定,并须含有“旅行社”字样。()
论述企业销售物流合理化的途径。
随着“二孩”政策全面放开,使得托儿所、幼儿园的人数不断增加,学前教育资源相对不足,假如你是教育部的工作人员,要针对此情况做一个调研报告,请问你会如何开展?
你试着在两项投资中进行选择,二者的投资成本都为75000美元。C投资在5年内每年将产生135000美元的回报。H投资在10年内每年的回报额则为195000美元。请问这两项投资哪个收益率更高?
TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemost(1)______acceptedtodayisbasedontheass
最新回复
(
0
)