首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
In 2010, Pamela Fink, an employee of a Connecticut energy company, made a new kind of discrimination claim: she charged that she
In 2010, Pamela Fink, an employee of a Connecticut energy company, made a new kind of discrimination claim: she charged that she
admin
2013-06-26
44
问题
In 2010, Pamela Fink, an employee of a Connecticut energy company, made a new kind of discrimination claim: she charged that she had been fired because she carries genes that predispose her to cancer. Fink quickly became the public face for the cutting edge of civil rights: genetic discrimination.
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, which was passed out of concern for just such cases in the wake of huge advances in genetics testing, took effect in late 2009. GINA, as it is known, makes it illegal for employers to fire or refuse to hire workers based on their "genetic information"— including genetic tests and family history of disease. GINA doesn’t just apply to employers; health-insurance companies can be sued for using genetic information to set rates or even just for investigating people’s genes.
The numbers of genetic-discrimination complaints will almost certainly increase greatly in coming years, for the reason that, as biological science advances, there is likely to be even more genetic information available about people. Even though this sort of medical information should remain private, employers and insurance companies will have strong financial incentives to get access to it—and to use it to avoid people who are most likely to get sick.
When genetic-discrimination claims start showing up in the courts in significant numbers, they are likely to get a sympathetic hearing. There are two major reasons that so many people—even congressional Republicans who are highly skeptical of civil rights laws—like GINA. First, there is the kind of discrimination it is aimed at: penalizing people for strands of DNA and RNA that they inherited from their parents through no fault of their own. In general, our society has decided to protect people for qualities that are " immutable" that is, something about them that is impossible or, at least, very difficult to change.
So we make it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race, national origin, skin color and sex. On the other hand, we generally do not protect people who are not hired because they lack a high school diploma or because they wear a beard. Our response to those people is that if you want the job you should get more education or shave. Genes are a classic immutable characteristic: outside of some complicated medical procedures, we’re pretty much stuck with the genes we were born with.
The second major reason genetic-cliscrimination laws are popular is that this is a kind of bias everyone feels they could be exposed to. None of us has perfect genes—and for the most part, we have no idea what is lurking in our DNA and RNA. Our genes are complex enough that we all have some negative information Hooded in there—and none of us wants to lose a job or be denied insurance over it. When juries begin to hear these cases, they are far more likely to identify with the plaintiffs than with the companies that discriminate. That doesn’t mean that there won’t be plenty of companies looking to benefit from genetic information, but if they use it, they may well have to pay.
The last paragraph suggests that______.
选项
A、genetic discrimination only concerns those who are predisposed to terrible disease
B、the appeal of plaintiffs subjected to genetic discrimination will terminate favorably without exception
C、judges and juries always bias in favor of people with whom they share similar experience
D、it is believed from the genetics perspective that no one carries perfect gene
答案
D
解析
这一题主要考查对最后一段内容的理解。[A]选项错误,最后一段中提到反基因歧视法之所以如此受欢迎的一个重要原因就是每个人都有可能存在基因缺陷,都有可能因为这样或那样的基因缺陷而遭到歧视,因此不能说基因歧视只涉及少数一些有严重疾病倾向的人。[B]选项错误,虽然最后一段提到当陪审团审理和基因歧视相关案件的时候,很有可能因同情原告而判有歧视行为的公司败诉。但我们并不能就此得出这样的结论,遭到基因歧视的原告会毫无例外地胜诉,这样的说法过于绝对。另外也不能得出[C]选项中的结论,虽然法官和陪审团因为觉得基因缺陷人人皆有,而对基因歧视案件中的原告产生同情,从而有助于原告的胜诉,但我们不能就此得出结论说陪审团往往都会偏袒那些和他们有相似经历的人,这种说法也是过于绝对。只有[D]选项是正确的,最后一段中有这样的原句“Our genes are complex enough that we all have some negative information encoded in there.”“我们的基因十分复杂,在每个人的体内都多多少少潜伏着负面基因信息,没有人的基因是完美无缺的。”
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Fpd4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Acollegestudentbecomessocompulsiveaboutcleaninghisdormroomthathisgradesbegintoslip.AnexecutivelivinginNewY
Inanidealworld,thenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit(1)_____.Applicant
Inanidealworld,thenation’seliteschoolswouldenrollthemostqualifiedstudents.Butthat’snothowit(1)_____.Applicant
Studythecartoongivenbelowcarefullyandwriteanessayofabout200words.Youressayshouldcoveralltheinformationofth
TheauthorwoulddescribetheReisses’lifeasWhatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"Ifpeopleweren’tsobusy,wouldtheybea
Britain’sundeclaredgeneralelectioncampaignhasalreadyseenthepoliticianstradingnumbersasboxerstradepunches.Therei
Illiteracymaybeconsideredmoreasanabstractconceptthanacondition.WhenafamousEnglishwriterusedthe(1)_____overt
TheextensionofdemocraticrightsinthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcenturyandtheensuingdeclineoftheFederalistestabli
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown【C1】______theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasborn,America
Lowlevelsofliteracyandnumeracyhaveadamagingimpactonalmosteveryaspectofadults,accordingtoasurveypublishedyes
随机试题
下列选项中可能受到多环芳烃化合物污染的食品是________。
f(x,y)在平面闭区域D上有界是二重积分f(x,y)dσ存在的()
下面不属于行政立法的基本要求的是()。
甲公司于2×21年12月购入生产设备一台,其原值为20万元,预计使用年限为5年,预计净残值为2万元,采用双倍余额递减法计提折旧。从2×24年起,该企业将该固定资产的折旧方法改为平均年限法,设备的预计使用年限由5年改为4年,设备的预计净残值由2万元改为1.2
甲公司是居民企业,在A国和B国各拥有一个办事处。甲公司境内应纳税所得额500万元,境外分支机构营业利润分别为100万元和200万元,在当地缴纳企业所得税分别为30万元和40万元。甲公司适用的企业所得税税率为25%,采取“分国不分项”抵免计算方式。甲公司当年
票据和结算凭证金额应当以中文大写和阿拉伯数码同.时记载。在下列哪种情形下,金额大写可以使用外国文字记载()
A,B,C,D,E,F分别代表六个人,他们围坐一张圆桌,安排座时必须满足下列条件:①按照英文字母排列顺序,相邻的字母不能成为邻座,如AB不能邻座; ②B至少跟CD中的一个相邻:③E和F之间不得少于两人。那么下列各项中,符
个人所得税的纳税人是指在中国境内有住所,或者无住所而在境内居住满一年,从中国境内和境外取得所得的个人;在中国境内无住所又不居住或者无住所而在境内居住不满一年,从中国境内取得所得的个人。根据上述定义,下列不属于中国个人所得税的纳税人的是()
He______incourtthathehadseentheprisonerrunoutofthebankafterithadbeenrobbed.
If______inthefridge,thefruitcanremainfreshformorethanaweek.
最新回复
(
0
)