首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
admin
2019-04-19
38
问题
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has
cropped up
elsewhere. One study—conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £ 1,500 ($2,850) a year.
That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else: women taking " career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £ 4,000 a year more than female ones.
To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.
Besides pay, her study also looked at the " glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
Which of followings could be the best title for the text?
选项
A、Take the Lead
B、Free to Flutter
C、The Hardest Move
D、Mind the Gap
答案
D
解析
这是一道中心主旨题,测试考生对原文整体把握以及对中心主旨理解的能力。本题的答案信息在原文首段的尾句(即本文的中心主旨句),其大意是:“现在,一次更大规模的研究(即萨拉-康纳利的研究)已经发现歧视在英国大学男女科学家收入差距(pay gap)方面起着作用”。由此可以推断出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在阅读时要注意识别和理解原文的中心主旨句。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/FznZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Manypeopleliketotravel.Theproblemisgettingyourpettothe【C1】______.Inrecentyears,transportingpetsonflightshas
Manypeopleliketotravel.Theproblemisgettingyourpettothe【C1】______.Inrecentyears,transportingpetsonflightshas
Parentsandstudentsarenowrelyinglessontakingoutloansandmoreongrants,scholarshipsandtheirownincomeandsavings,
Parentsandstudentsarenowrelyinglessontakingoutloansandmoreongrants,scholarshipsandtheirownincomeandsavings,
Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears,thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomh
ThereisgrowinginterestinEastJapanRailwayCo.ltd.,oneofthesixcompanies,createdoutoftheprivatizednationalrailw
ThereisgrowinginterestinEastJapanRailwayCo.ltd.,oneofthesixcompanies,createdoutoftheprivatizednationalrailw
Googleistalkingtoautomakersabouthowtobringitsself-driving-cartechnologytomarket,executivessaidTuesday.Project
Googleistalkingtoautomakersabouthowtobringitsself-driving-cartechnologytomarket,executivessaidTuesday.Project
随机试题
背景某机场的改扩建工程由国家投资,飞行区指标由4C升为4D。在竣工验收中,有人提出该机场不是新建和迁建机场,可简化竣工验收程序,适当放宽竣工验收条件。此意见引起争议。机场竣工验收的程序有哪些?
经评标委员会评审认定后不可作废标处理的是()
按照承保期限可以将工程保险分为()。
交易双方在场外市场上通过协商,按商定条件,在约定的时间内,相互交换等值现金流的合约是()。
下列关于合同取得成本和合同履约成本的相关处理,表述不正确的是()。
阅读下面的文言文,然后回答问题。李洪之,本名文主黾.,恒农人。会永昌王仁随世祖南征,得元后姊妹二人。洪之以宗人潜相饷遗,结为兄弟,遂便如亲。颇得元后在南兄弟名字,乃改名洪之。及仁坐事诛,元后入宫,得幸于高宗,生显祖。元后临崩,昭太后问其亲,因言洪
ReadingisthekeytoSuccess.Apparentlyeverysuccessfulpersondevelopsapassionforreading.Thisisbecausereadingisakey
Fishareanimalsthatliveinwater.Theyliveinalmostanyplace【B1】______thereiswater.Somearefoundinlakes,otherfish
Bluetoothischangingsmall-areanetworkingintoawirelessandautomaticconnectionwithnoneedforuserinterventionandlow
A、Inasupermarket.B、Inanadvertisingagency.C、Atapolicestation.D、Inacustomsoffice.A
最新回复
(
0
)