2. 外语
  3. At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interest in Native American customs and an increasing desire to understand Native

At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interest in Native American customs and an increasing desire to understand Native

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问题     At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interest in Native American customs and an increasing desire to understand Native American culture prompted ethnologists to begin recording the life stories of Native American. Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting to hear the stories: they were after linguistic or anthropological data that would supplement their own field observations, and they believed that the personal stories, even of a single individual, could increase their understanding of the cultures that they had been observ- ing from without. In addition many ethnologists at the turn of the century believed that Native American manners and customs were rapidly disappearing, and that it was important to preserve for posterity as much information as could be adequately recorded before the cultures disappeared forever.
    There were, however, arguments against this method as a way of acquir- ing accurate and complete information. Franz Boas, for example, described autobiographies as being "of limited value, and useful chiefly for the study of the perversion of truth by memory," while Paul Radin contended that investigators rarely spent enough time with the tribes they were observing, and inevitably derived results too tinged by the investigator’s own emotional tone to be reliable.  Even more importantly, as these life stories moved from the traditional oral mode to recorded written form, much was inevitably lost. Editors often decided what elements were significant to the field research on a given tribe. Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in English and that events that they thought significant were often deemed unimportant by their interviewers. Indeed, the very act of telling their stories could force Native American narrators to distort their cultures, as taboos had to be broken to speak the names of dead relatives crucial to their family stories.
    Despite all of this, autobiography remains a useful tool for ethnological research: such personal reminiscences and impressions, incomplete as they may be, are likely to throw more light on the working of the mind and emotions than any amount of speculation from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from an- other culture.
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
选项 A、The historical backgrounds of two currently used research methods are chronicled.
B、The validity of the data collected by using two different research methods is compared.
C、The usefulness of a research method is questioned and then a new method is proposed.
D、The use of a research method is described and the limitations of the results obtained are discussed.
E、A research method is evaluated and the changes necessary for its adaptation to other subject areas are discussed.
答案D
解析 文章organization，即主要内容：A．“background”，“two methods”均未提到。B．同A，无。C．“new method is proposed”无。D．一种方法的用途被描述，结果的局限性也被讨论。正确。文中作者对这种记录生活故事的方法做了介绍，也指出其不足。E．“changes necessary for its adaptation”无。
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