首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all c
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all c
admin
2011-01-07
161
问题
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin ; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in july selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed______.
选项
A、the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws
B、the prevalent discrimination against certain races
C、the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures
D、the arrogance common among the supreme Court judges
答案
A
解析
细节题。(Lines 3-6,Para.2)Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.尽管美国高等法院早在1880年Strauder v.West Virginia案中明确禁止陪审员遴选过程中有任何有意的种族歧视,但是所谓的遴选一流精英陪审员的做法非常容易地绕过相关的反歧视法案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/G3e4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallc
Wearelivinginoneofthoseperiodsinhumanhistorywhicharemarkedbyrevolutionarychangesinallofman’sideasandvalue
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’
Forthefirsttime,stemcellspurifiedfromfathavebeenusedtohealaninjuryinalivinganimal.MichaelLongakerofStanfo
IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen’sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Through
随机试题
依照《律师法》的规定,下列关于律师性质的表述中正确的是
需要积极抗病毒治疗的乙型肝炎有以下类型
初产妇,妊娠37+5周。刚破膜不久突感寒战,出现烦躁不安,仅惊叫一声后呼吸、心搏骤停,于数分钟内死亡。血涂片查找到羊水有形物质。请问该患者最有可能的死因是
某化工反应容器,其内有毒性为中等程度的介质,当反应容器压力为2.0MPa、体积为1m3时,按《压力容器安全技术监察规程》规定,该容器的分类等级为( )类。
资产选择过程是指资产管理人在资产配置的基础上,确定自身投资策略,并据此构造投资组合的过程。()
李某放假回老家,在乘坐客运汽车的途中,被车窗外飞进的一块小石头击中左眼球,当场出血,被送往就近医院治疗,但因伤情严重导致失明。李某要求运输公司赔偿,但运输公司拒绝赔偿,理由是:李某的伤是外来的原因造成的,运输公司没有过错。李某和运输公司成立何种合同法律
从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性:
Financialinstitutionsdealwithfinancialassets,assetsthatpromisefluturepaymentsflromfinancialcontracts.suchassecurit
Whatarethetraditionalgamesanddancingfor?
Whataretheman’shobbies?
最新回复
(
0
)