首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all c
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all c
admin
2011-01-07
125
问题
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin ; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in july selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed______.
选项
A、the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws
B、the prevalent discrimination against certain races
C、the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures
D、the arrogance common among the supreme Court judges
答案
A
解析
细节题。(Lines 3-6,Para.2)Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v.West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.尽管美国高等法院早在1880年Strauder v.West Virginia案中明确禁止陪审员遴选过程中有任何有意的种族歧视,但是所谓的遴选一流精英陪审员的做法非常容易地绕过相关的反歧视法案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/G3e4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallc
IthasbeenawretchedfewweeksforAmerica’scelebritybosses.AIG’sMauriceGreenberghasbeendramaticallyoustedfromthef
Wearelivinginoneofthoseperiodsinhumanhistorywhicharemarkedbyrevolutionarychangesinallofman’sideasandvalue
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’
随机试题
Nextdoortoours______,whohasjustretiredfromwork.
对水泥凝结时间的要求是()。
维持机体稳态的重要调节途径是()
某6层办公楼的框架(填充墙)结构,其平面图与计算简图如题图所示。已知:1~6层所有柱截面为500mm×600mm:所有纵向梁(x向)截面均为250mm×500mm,自重3.125kN/m;所有横向梁(y向)截面均为250mm×700mm,自重4.375k
建设工程设计合同文本规定,履约保证金如采用(),则应当提供无条件地、不可撤销担保。
想象是指在原有经验的基础上创造新形象的思维活动。按照想象是否受意志控制,可分为随意想象和不随意想象。不随意想象的特点是把各种印象和信息离奇、突然、有时是无意义地组合在一起。随意想象是把各种印象和信息自觉控制、有目的、经过意志的努力呈现出需要的场景。根据上述
某作家在一书城举办签售会,已知签售会8:30开始,但是之前已有人提前排队等候,从第一个顾客来到时起,每分钟所到来的人数相同,如果开4个入场口,则在8:37时便不会有人排队,若开5个入场口,则在8:35时便不会有人排队,那么第一个顾客到达的时间是几点?(秒
假设表单上有一选项组:⊙男〇女,如果选择第二个按钮"女",则该选项组Value属性的值为( )。
TheBibleitselfcontainsatotalof66booksandisdividedintotwoparts,theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.TheOldTe
Theriseofmultinationalcorporations(跨国公司),globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldiffere
最新回复
(
0
)