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  3. Today cognitive theorists empirically study the impact of feelings on cognitive processes such as memory and judgment and also t

Today cognitive theorists empirically study the impact of feelings on cognitive processes such as memory and judgment and also t

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问题     Today cognitive theorists empirically study the impact of feelings on cognitive processes such as memory and judgment and also the reciprocal influence of cognition on emotion. However, evolutionary theorists view emotion as a powerful source of motivation-an internal communication that something must be done. For example, when people are threatened, they feel fear, which in turn leads them to deal with the threatening situation through either fight or flight. Emotions and drives may also operate in tandem to motivate action, as when excitement accompanies sexual arousal. From an evolutionary perspective, different emotions serve different functions. Fear facilitates flight in the face of danger; disgust prevents ingestion of potentially toxic substances such as rotting meat.
    An emotion that is less well understood is jealousy. Why do people become jealous in intimate sexual relationships? One series of studies tested evolutionary hypotheses about differences in the concerns men and women have about their partners’ fidelity. Since females can have only a limited number of children during their lifetimes, to maximize their reproductive success they should be motivated to form relationships with males who have resources and will contribute them to their offspring. Indeed, cross-cultural evidence demonstrates that one of the main mate selection criteria used by females around the world is mate resources. From a female’s point of view, then, infidelity accompanied by emotional commitment to the other woman is a major threat to resources. A man unlikely to divert re- sources from his mate and her offspring to a casual fling, but the risk increases dramatically if he becomes emotionally involved and perhaps considers switching long-term partners. Hence, a woman’s jealousy would be expected to focus on her mate’s emotional commitment to another female.
    For males, the situation is different. If a male commits himself to an exclusive relationship with a female, he must be certain that the offspring in whom he is investing are his own. Since he cannot be sure of paternity, the best he can do is to prevent his mate from copulating with any other males. In males, then, jealousy would be expected to focus less on the female’s emotional commitment or resources and more on her tendency to give other males sexual access. Indeed, in species ranging from insects to humans, males take extreme measures to prevent other males from inseminating their mates. In humans, male sexual jealousy is the leading cause of homicides and of spouse battering cross-culturally.
According to the evolutionary perspective, women’s jealousy ultimately stems from ______.
选项 A、concern over their husbands’ reproductive ability
B、fear that their husbands’ resources would be threatened
C、their husbands’ divided attention to them and their offspring
D、their emotional instability resulting from their husbands’ infidelity
答案B
解析 答案在第二段中。女人的嫉妒主要源于对丈夫资源的独占心理。进化论派的学者认为，女人一生只能生育有限的子女，因此为了让子女能最大限度地获取资源，便要求丈夫绝对忠诚，不能对妻子以外的女人有感情投入。(One series of studies tested evolutionary hypotheses about differences in the concerns men and women have about their partners fidelity. Since females can hav
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