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  3. An assumption that underlies most discussions of electric facility sitting is that the initial selection of a site is the respon

An assumption that underlies most discussions of electric facility sitting is that the initial selection of a site is the respon

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问题    An assumption that underlies most discussions of electric facility sitting is that the initial selection of a site is the responsibility of the utility concerned-subject to governmental review and approval only after the site has been chosen. This assumption must be changed so that site selection becomes a joint responsibility of the utilities and the appropriate governmental authorities from the outset. Sitting decisions would be made in accordance with either of two strategies.
   The metropolitan strategy takes the existing distribution of population and supporting facilities as given. An attempt is then made to choose between, scattered or concentrated sitting and to locate generating facilities in accordance with some economic principle. For example, the economic objectives of least-cost construction and rapid start-up may be achieved, in part, by a metropolitan strategy which takes advantage of existing elements of social and physical infrastructure in the big cities. Under the frontier strategy ,the energy park may be taken as an independent variable, subject to manipulation policy-makers as a means of achieving desired demographic(人口统计学的)or social goals, such as rural-town-city mix. Thus, population distribution is taken as a goal of national social policy, not as a given of a national energy policy. In the frontier Strategy, the option of dispersed sitting is irrelevant to the standpoint of community impact because there is no pre-existing community of any size.
   Traditionally, the resource-environment of a location-and especially its situation relative to the primary industry of the inland areas-has had a special importance in American history. In the early agricultural period, the most valued natural endowment was arable land with good climate and available water. American’s oldest cities were mercantile outposts of such agricultural areas. Deep-water ports developed to serve the agricultural inland areas, which produced staple commodities in demand on the world market. From the 1840s onward; the American manufacturing heartland developed westwards to encompass Lake Superior iron ores, the Pennsylvania coalfields, and the Northeast’s financial, entrepreneurial, and manufacturing roles. Subsequent metropolitan growth has been organized around this national core.
   The frontier strategy implements the principle of created opportunity; and this helps explain why some environmentalists perceive the energy park idea as a threat to nature. But the problems, of modern society, no matter with or without energy parks, require ever more comprehensive planning. And energy parks are a means of advancing American social history rather than merely responding to power needs in an unplanned, aimless manner.
选项 A、government authority exercised a review function
B、decisions were made without regard to the effect the facility would have on the environment
C、sites selected by utilities were often opposed by environmentalist groups
D、sites selected by utilities were often supported by environmentalist groups
答案B
解析 由题干in selecting a site for past electric facilities定位到原文第一段第一句An assumption that underlies most discussions of electric facility sitting is that the initial selection of a site is the responsibility of the utility concerned—subject to governmental review and approval only after the site has been chosen．推断题。该句即指出，大多数有关电力设施选址讨论的设想是：最初地点的选择考虑的是使用方的责任，因此B)正确。[避错]文章中指出在地点选定之后，要接受政府的检查和同意。说明政府没有参与地点的选择工作，而只是针对选好了的地点行使检查的功能，故A)错误；文章最后一段第一句话，一些环境学家的观点是“发电厂对于环境造成了威胁”，并非环境学家对于选定的地点都持反对或支持意见，C)，D)错误。由此推论过去电力设施选址时并投有把对于环境的影响这一点考虑在内。
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