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  3. Elite memory athletes are not so different from their peers in any other sport: They face off in intense competitions where they

Elite memory athletes are not so different from their peers in any other sport: They face off in intense competitions where they

admin2022-04-20  30
问题     Elite memory athletes are not so different from their peers in any other sport: They face off in intense competitions where they execute seemingly superhuman feats such as memorizing a string of 500 digits in five minutes. Most memory athletes credit their success to hours of memorization technique practice. One lingering question, though, is whether memory champs succeed by practice alone or are somehow gifted. Recent research suggests there may be hope for the rest of us. A study, published today in Neuron, provides solid evidence that most people can successfully learn and apply the memorization techniques used by memory champions, while galvanizing large-scale brain changes in the process.
    A team led by Martin Dresler at Radboud University in the Netherlands used a combination of behavioral tests and brain scans to compare memory champions with the general population. It found top memory athletes had a different pattern of brain connectivity than controls did, but also that subjects who learned a common memorization technique over a period of weeks, not years, greatly improved their memory skills, and began to exhibit brain connection patterns resembling those of elite memorizers.
    Many of us learn new skills throughout our lives, and scientists have long wondered if and how our brains change as a result. Previous research has linked some skills to specific brain changes. One well-known set of studies showed that London taxi drivers developed more gray matter in their hippocampi (a brain area linked to memory) as they acquired the knowledge needed to navigate London’s haphazard maze of streets. Dresler and colleagues, motivated in part by co-author and professional memory trainer Boris Konrad, decided to focus on elite memory athletes who utilize memorization techniques to compete at highly specific tasks such as memorizing decks of cards or lines of binary digits in minutes. They wanted to know whether these highly skilled practitioners exhibit noticeable brain changes and how those changes occur.
    James McGaugh, a neurobiologist at the University of California, Irvine, who was not involved in the study, considers it to be in a similar vein as the London taxi cab research, but highlights an important difference: Rather than pinpointing a particular brain region, the present study found an overall change in brain connections. "All of our brains are malleable all the time, and this is just another piece of evidence of that," he says. "If you learn something and you learn it well, the brain changes. A super memory follows.
According to the first paragraph, what is still puzzling is memory champions________.
选项 A、depend solely upon memorization techniques
B、owe their success partially to their talents
C、easily outperform their rivals in competitions
D、play down their superhuman accomplishments
答案B
解析 本题是细节题。根据题干定位至首段。题目问的是“仍然令人不解的是，记忆冠军们……”。首段第三句提到“记忆冠军的成功仅仅是依靠训练，还是天赋使然”，可知，仍未搞清楚的是：是否成功也有天分的作用。故答案选B项“把成功部分归功于天分”。其中，题干中的what is still puzzling与原文的one lingering question相对应。通读文章可知，本文侧重于讲实践或训练对记忆的作用，故排除A项“只依赖于记忆技巧”；C项“在竞争中轻而易举地战胜对手”不符合文意，故排除；根据文章首段首句中提到的“完成了看似超凡的壮举”可排除D项“淡化他们超人的成就”。
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