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  3. Self-esteem is the collection of beliefs or feelings we have about ourselves, our "self-perceptions. " How we define ourselves i

Self-esteem is the collection of beliefs or feelings we have about ourselves, our "self-perceptions. " How we define ourselves i

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问题     Self-esteem is the collection of beliefs or feelings we have about ourselves, our "self-perceptions. " How we define ourselves influences our motivations, attitudes, and behaviors and affects our emotional adjustment.
    Patterns of self-esteem start very early in life. For example, a toddler who reaches a milestone experiences a sense of accomplishment that bolsters self-esteem. Learning to roll over after dozens of unsuccessful attempts teaches a baby a "can-do" attitude.
    The concept of success following persistence starts early. As kids try, fail, try again, fail again, and then finally succeed, they develop ideas about their own capabilities. At the same time, they’re creating a self-concept based on interactions with other people. This is why parental involvement is important to helping kids form accurate, healthy self-perceptions.
    Self-esteem fluctuates as kids grow. It’s frequently changed and fine-tuned, because it is affected by a child’s experiences and new perceptions. So it helps to be aware of the signs of both healthy and unhealthy self-esteem. Kids with low self-esteem may not want to try new things, and may frequently speak negatively about themselves. They tend to be overly critical of and easily disappointed in themselves. Kids with low self-esteem see temporary setbacks as permanent, intolerable conditions, and a sense of pessimism predominates. Kids with healthy self-esteem tend to enjoy interacting with others. They’re comfortable in social settings and enjoy group activities as well as independent pursuits. When challenges arise, they can work toward finding solutions and voice discontent without belittling themselves or others.
    How can a parent help to foster healthy self-esteem in a child? Kids who don’t feel safe or are abused at home will suffer immensely from low self-esteem. A child who is exposed to parents who fight and argue repeatedly may become depressed and withdrawn. Also watch for signs of abuse by others, problems in school, trouble with peers, and other factors that may affect kids’ self-esteem. Deal with these issues sensitively but swiftly. And always remember to respect your kids.
    If you suspect your child has low self-esteem, consider doing something about it. Family and child counselors can work to uncover underlying issues that prevent a child from feeling good about him or herself. Therapy can help kids learn to view themselves and the world positively. When kids see themselves in a more realistic light, they can accept who they truly are. With a little help, every child can develop healthy self-esteem for a happier, more fulfilling life.
The word "toddler" (Line 1, Para. 2) most probably means______.
选项 A、very young child
B、teenager
C、adult
D、boy
答案A
解析 词义题；我们首先寻找在原文中包含这个关键词的句子，“For example，a toddler who reaches a milestone experiences a sense of accomplishment that bolsters self-esteem”，结合前文的“Patterns of self-esteem start very early in lire”，我们可以判断这里讲的是自信心对孩子的影响。或者我们向后去寻找，可以发现“Learning to roll over after dozens of unsuccessful attempts”这样的表达，据此我们也可以推测出toddler一词表示儿童的意思。
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考研英语一

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