首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Group Decision Making" Advantages of Group Decision Making Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assi
"Group Decision Making" Advantages of Group Decision Making Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assi
admin
2018-07-24
48
问题
"Group Decision Making"
Advantages of Group Decision Making
Committees, task forces, and ad hoc groups are frequently assigned to identify and recommend decision alternatives or, in some cases, to actually make important decisions. In essence, a group is a tool that can focus the experience and expertise of several people on a particular problem or situation. Thus, a group offers the advantage of greater total knowledge. Groups accumulate more information, knowledge, and facts than individuals and often consider more alternatives. Each person in the group is able to draw on his or her unique education, experience, insights, and other resources and contribute those to the group. The varied backgrounds, training levels, and expertise of group members also help overcome tunnel vision by enabling the group to view the problem in more than one way.
Participation in group decision making usually leads to higher member satisfaction. People tend to accept a decision more readily and to be better satisfied with it when they have participated in making that decision. In addition, people will better understand and be more committed to a decision in which they have had a say than to a decision made for them. As a result, such a decision is more likely to be implemented successfully.
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making
While groups have many potential benefits, we all know that they can also be frustrating. A One obvious disadvantage of group decision making is the time required to make a decision. B The time needed for group discussion and the associated compromising and selecting of a decision alternative can be considerable. C Time costs money, so a waste of time becomes a disadvantage if a decision made by a group could have been made just as effectively by an individual working alone. D Consequently, group decisions should be avoided when speed and efficiency are the primary considerations.
A second disadvantage is that the group discussion may be dominated by an individual or subgroup. Effectiveness can be reduced if one individual, such as the group leader, dominates the discussion by talking too much or being closed to other points of view. Some group leaders try to control the group and provide the major input. Such dominance can stifle other group members’ willingness to participate and could cause decision alternatives to be ignored or overlooked. All group members need to be encouraged and permitted to contribute.
Another disadvantage of group decision making is that members may be less concerned with the group’s goals than with their own personal goals. They may become so sidetracked in trying to win an argument that they forget about group performance. On the other hand, a group may try too hard to compromise and consequently may not make optimal decisions. Sometimes this stems from the desire to maintain friendships and avoid disagreements. Often groups exert tremendous social pressure on individuals to conform to established or expected patterns of behavior. Especially when they are dealing with important and controversial issues, interacting groups may be prone to a phenomenon called groupthink.
Groupthink is an agreement-at-any-cost mentality that results in ineffective group decision making. It occurs when groups are highly cohesive, have highly directive leaders, are insulated so they have no clear ways to get objective information, and—because they lack outside information—have little hope that a better solution might be found than the one proposed by the leader or other influential group members. These conditions foster the illusion that the group is invulnerable, right, and more moral than outsiders. They also encourage the development of self-appointed "mind guards" who bring pressure on dissenters. In such situations, decisions—often important decisions—are made without consideration of alternative frames or alternative options. It is difficult to imagine conditions more conducive to poor decision making and wrong decisions.
Recent research indicates that groupthink may also result when group members have preconceived ideas about how a problem should be solved. Under these conditions, the team may not examine a full range of decision alternatives, or it may discount or avoid information that threatens its preconceived choice.
The word Consequently in the passage is closest in meaning to
选项
A、About now
B、Without doubt
C、Before long
D、As a result
答案
D
解析
In this passage, As a result describes "Consequently." Context comes from the conclusion that follows the word "Consequently."
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GRfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.TheTawnyOwlMost【L31】______owlspeciesinUKStronglynocturna
Completethenotesbelow.WriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.TheTawnyOwlMost【L31】______owlspeciesinUKStronglynocturna
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.WhatdoesJimthinkaboutthedifferenceamongspeciesinnaturalandartificiallight?
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.WhatdoestheprofessoradviseDouglastodoabouttheformationofthefocusgroups?
Choosethecorrectanswer,A,BorC.Crocodilesliveingroupsofabout
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhichTWOtopicsdopeoplemostfrequentlyaskabout?Atheidealtemperaturesettingonthethermostat
PREPARINGFORASCHOLARSHIPINTERVIEWSophiethinksthescholarshipselectors
PREPARINGFORASCHOLARSHIPINTERVIEWSophiehas
随机试题
作为市场信息收集方法的业务法,其基本环节包括()。
关于云计算,下列说法错误的是()
患者,男性20岁,3年来发生多次骨折,并伴有关节疼痛,肝、肾功能正常,超声检查见甲状腺左侧叶下极背侧有一1.0cm×1.5cm的低回声结节,包膜完整,血供丰富,其最可能是
最可能的诊断是什么此时最有可能发现且具有诊断意义的体征是
眦耳线是指
洋金花的性状特征有
分部分项工程基本直接费单价主要包括()。
当汽车上坡时,驾驶员就应换用()挡,以便在一定功率的情况下产生较大的牵引力。
甲公司适用的增值税税率为13%,本年1月1日以一批原材料对乙公司进行长期股权投资,占乙公司60%的股权。投出的原材料账面余额为5000万元,公允价值(计税价格)为5400万元,甲公司按公允价值开具增值税专用发票;投资时乙公司可辨认净资产公允价值为110
下面程序的结果是()。#include"iostream.h"voidmain(){char*str:str="test!";cout<<str[5]
最新回复
(
0
)