首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Income inequality in the United States remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970’s, h
Income inequality in the United States remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970’s, h
admin
2005-11-28
88
问题
Income inequality in the United States remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970’s, however, this period of stability ended, as the first signs of widening income inequality became apparent. Over the course of the 1970’s and 1980’s, an increasingly clear trend toward greater income inequality emerged. By the end of the 1980’s, the top 20 percent of workers were receiving the largest share of income ever recorded by government figures, and the bottom three fifths were receiving the lowest shares ever recorded. This trend has continued into the 1990’s and currently shows no signs of decline. When the indicators of growing inequality were first observed in the 1970’s, some researchers argued that the effects were merely temporary artifacts of short-term labor market disturbances. The new occupational structure appears to be one with an increase of well-paid technical, scientific and professional jobs at the top, a sliding middle class, and a growing poorly-paid service and retail jobs at the bottom. Several important labor-force changes appeared to be contributing to the shifting occupational structure.
As occupational reconstructing and growing income inequality have become increasingly evident, a heated debate as to the causes and magnitude of these changes arose. Two dominant bodies of thought emerged around the issue: the job-skill mismatch thesis and the polarization thesis. Mismatch theorists argue that there is an increasing distance between the high skill requirements of post-industrial jobs and the inadequate training and mediocre qualifications of workers. They see the post-industrial economy leaving behind unskilled workers, especially women and minorities. For the mismatch theorist, the trend toward greater inequality is temporary arid will dissipate once the supply of workers acquires the skills demanded by a post-industrial economy. And they predict that the workers will experience an upgrading in their wages over the long run. Polarization theorists, on the other hand, believe that the rise in inequality is permanent, a result of the shift to a service-based economy. This vision of the post-industrial economy is characteristically polarized. The problem according to these theorists, is the type of jobs being generated in the new economy, not worker attributes. Because they believe the causes are structural and permanent, polarization theorists would deny the efficacy of public policies designed to educate and train unskilled workers. They predict a long-term continuation of the trend towards increasing income inequality.
Studies show that the long-run increase in income inequality is also related to changes in the Nation’s labor market and its household composition. The wage distribution has become considerably more unequal with more highly skilled, trained and educated workers at the top experiencing real wage gains and those at the bottom real wage losses. One factor is the shift in employment from those goods-producing industries that have disproportionately provided high-wage opportunities for low-skilled workers, towards services that disproportionately employ college graduates, and towards low-wage sectors such as retail trade. But within industry, shifts in labor demand away from less-educated workers are perhaps a more important explanation of eroding wages than the shift out of manufacturing.
Also cited as putting downward pressure on the wages of less-educated workers are intensifying global competition and immigration, the decline of the proportion of workers belonging to unions, the decline in the real value of the minimum wage, the increasing need for computer skills, and the increasing use of temporary workers.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
选项
A、The long-run increase in income inequality is caused by the wage distribution.
B、Fewer goods-producing industrial workers will be employed.
C、Not enough college students are employed by different services.
D、Less educated workers have become more important.
答案
B
解析
本题中,A、C、D三项与文章的意思不符。从文中可知,劳工雇用已经从goods-producing industries转变到其他领域,因此B项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GTIO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Readthearticlebelowaboutacompanythatsellshouseholdproducts.ChoosethebestwordtofilleachgapfromA,B,Cor
ReadthemagazinearticlebelowaboutAndySeymour,theChiefExecutiveofachainofbookstorescalledBookroom,andthequest
Emotionalintelligenceconcernsmainlywithself-reflectiveandThespeakerimpliesthatexecutivesfromdifferentculturalbac
Whichtoyproductdochildrenlikemostthisyear?
●ItisthebeginningofDecemberandyouhavebeenaskedtofindouthowmanydays’holidaystarinyourdepartmentintendtot
A、thecompany’splansforthefuture.B、theperformanceofthecommittee.C、suggestedchangestoadocument.C
Questions23-28•Readthearticlebelowaboutproblemsindoinginternationaltrade.•Foreachquestion(23-28),choosethecorr
CasaltalianaTwentyyearsago,itwasdifficulttofindfreshpastainBritainwithoutgoingtoanItalianrestaurant.
ParticipantsintheShanghaiCo-operationForum______regionalteamworktopromoteinvestmentandeconomicdevelopment.
Violinprodigies,Ilearned,havecomeindistinctwavesfromdistinctregions.Mostofthegreatperformersinthelate19than
随机试题
需要反复使用冷、热疗时,中间必须间隔
A.发热、剧烈头痛、皮肤瘀斑B.休克、惊厥、呼吸衰竭C.发热、出血、肾损害D.眼红、腿痛、淋巴结肿大E.相对缓脉
A.IL-4B.IL-7C.IL-8D.IL-12E.IL-15增强NK细胞杀伤活性
依据《环境空气质量标准》,关于SO2、NO2年平均浓度统计数据的有效性规定,表述正确的是()。
下列不属于施工质量控制特点的是()。
高速公路通信系统的组成有()。
下列关于企业筹资管理的表述中,正确的有()。(2009年新制度)
资本循环是产业资本依次经过______三个阶段,采取货币资本、生产资本、商品资本三种职能形式,实现了价值的增值,并回到原来出发点的全部运动过程。
根据学生的身心发展特点,小学、初中、高中不同学段的德育工作有相应的侧重点,其中,小学阶段的德育重点主要是()。
下列关于同轴电缆组网技术,说法错误的是______。
最新回复
(
0
)