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  3. Cities, the largest of human-made environments, have historically always assumed a dominant role in cultural issues. Each city o

Cities, the largest of human-made environments, have historically always assumed a dominant role in cultural issues. Each city o

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问题     Cities, the largest of human-made environments, have historically always assumed a dominant role in cultural issues. Each city of the past embodied a unique local culture, reflected in many ways.【F1】Physically, this uniqueness is seen in the architecture and street patterns of cities which have been preserved and maintained; archeological diggings also revealed it in those that have perished. As specialization developed and facilitated commerce, and thus a more interdependent world began to evolve, this uniqueness began to exhibit a similarity of environmental designs.【F2】More recently, to accommodate an accelerating population increase, entire new cities are built, and old cities are rebuilt and major additions made. These reveal the universal appeal of results of science, technology, industrialization and the accompanying economic rationale for planning these environments. The physical distinctiveness reflecting any unique culture is now increasingly incorporated, as a certain universality of urban form becomes pervasive throughout the world.
    【F3】Among the more easily perceived similarities are the means of transportation, mass and individual, in which the ever-present private automobile begins to dominate by its peculiar universal appeal and the excessive amount and types of space allocated for its use, a major factor in dictating urban landscape.【F4】Mass production and related machine techniques in construction and servicing also dictate a multitude of designs of man-made environments from street lighting to the undistinguished high-rise. In any art there is unlimited potential for creative differences, even within a medium. But it is evident that the culture of science, technology, and industrialization is becoming universal in its sameness in our man-made environments throughout the world.
    More important to this discussion is the fact that urbanization brings together ever greater numbers of diverse peoples of a region, in increasingly intimate proximity, in one place and time.【F5】Coupled with rapid transportation and the growth of the electronic media, urbanization also permits other peoples, not only from the inland areas but also from remote corners of the entire world, to interact more directly with the larger numbers of people in our cities. Since many significant cultural and other differences in ourselves, and between ourselves, and others, are more clearly revealed when we are closer together, urbanization may be the singularly significant process that affects culture.
【F4】
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答案批量生产和与建筑和维修相关的机器技术也决定了从街道照明到普通高楼等人工环境的大量设计形式。
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