首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Using tools doesn’t make humans, dolphins, and crows smart. Rather, it’s the stress and challenge of living with others—recogniz
Using tools doesn’t make humans, dolphins, and crows smart. Rather, it’s the stress and challenge of living with others—recogniz
admin
2018-02-17
35
问题
Using tools doesn’t make humans, dolphins, and crows smart. Rather, it’s the stress and challenge of living with others—recognizing friend from foe, calculating who to deceive and who to befriend—that led these and other social creatures to evolve their cognitive skills. That’s the gist of the social intelligence hypothesis, an idea that’s been around since 1966. But does having to remember whose lice need picking actually improve other mental abilities, like figuring out how to open a locked box with a hunk of meat inside? A new study of four carnivores—two social and two solitary species—suggests that it does.
"They’ve taken an important issue and tested it in a simple but novel way," says Richard Byrne, an evolutionary psychologist at The University of St. Andrews in the United Kingdom, who was not involved in the study. "The results are clear;
The cognitive benefit from being a social carnivore does transfer" to a mental ability that has nothing to do with being social
, he says.
Other researchers think the results aren’t as clear-cut. " It is important and a valuable stepping stone in our quest to understand how intelligence evolved, but like all studies, it is one piece of a larger puzzle," says Sarah Benson-Amram, a zoologist at the University of Wyoming in Laramie, whose recent comparative study of 39 species of carnivores reached the opposite conclusion.
Scientists devised the social intelligence hypothesis to explain the evolution of the human brain. They’ve found that most social species (from chimpanzees to social wasps) have relatively large brains and are cognitively sophisticated, adept at experiments designed to test their smarts. But some researchers argue that another factor—a challenging environment—may also stimulate cognitive evolution. If so, then more solitary species could also be large-brained and smart thanks to the ecological difficulties they face.
Other researchers concur, but with caveats. " They did find a nice link between sociality and success" on this task, says Evan MacLean, a comparative psychologist at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. But he wonders what type of cognition the ability to open a puzzle box actually demonstrates. " It may be reflective of trial and error learning, insight, or just of curiosity or interest in novel objects. "
The puzzle box is also not particularly " ecologically relevant," to the carnivores, notes primatolo-gist Frans de Waal at Emory University in Atlanta, who would like to see the animals tested on some type of predator-prey task. Still, it is " a good first step and a fresh approach to the intelligence of carnivores , a group we have neglected for too long. "
By saying that " ’the cognitive benefit from being a social carnivore does transfer’ to a mental ability that has nothing to do with being social", Richard Byrne means______.
选项
A、cognitive benefits have something to do with some mental abilities
B、cognitive benefits have nothing to do with some mental abilities
C、social animals can develop some mental abilities that solitary ones do not
D、social animals can develop some mental abilities that are not innate
答案
D
解析
细节题。由题干定位到文章第二段。“作为社会性食肉动物,其认知益处的确可以转化成一种智力,而这种智力与其群居动物的身份毫无关系。”[D]“社会性动物可以形成一些非与生俱来的智力”,此句即为这段话的主要含义。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/GkBZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
InApril,BritishresearchersatUniversityCollegeLondonfoundthat,ratherthantherecommendedfive,sevendailyportionsof
HousingGrowthandLandLossA.Studythegraphscarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200words.B.Youressayshouldcov
TheShort-sightedStudentsWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthedrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describet
TheU.S.governmentdroppeditscourtfightagainstAppleafteritsuccessfullypulleddatafromtheiPhoneofSanBernardinog
BytheendoftheMiddleAgesthetechnologicalsystemscalledcitieshadlongsincebecomeacentralfeatureofWesternlife.I
BytheendoftheMiddleAgesthetechnologicalsystemscalledcitieshadlongsincebecomeacentralfeatureofWesternlife.I
"Ofthepeople,bythepeople,andforthepeople."That’showAbrahamLincolndescribedtheAmericangovernmentinhisGettysbu
Aslongaspeoplehavelookedupatthenightsky,theyhavewonderedwhetherhumanityisaloneintheuniverse.Ofplacesclose
Itusedtobesostraightforward(直接的).Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsofthe
Itusedtobesostraightforward(直接的).Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsofthe
随机试题
不属于国家监督的是()
A.升血钙、升血磷B.降血钙、降血磷C.升血钙、降血磷D.降血钙、升血磷甲状旁腺激素对体内钙磷代谢的影响为
A.0.2mg/m3B.0.1mg/m3C.0.05mg/m3D.0.03mg/m3E.0.01mg/m3车间空气中二氧化锰最高容许浓度为
喘证的病变部位在
钢筋取样检查时,钢筋端部至少要先截去()再取试样。
在分部分项工程成本分析的过程中“三算”对比是指()之间的比较。
旅游行政许可职权行使的最后环节是()。
下列选项中,作家与作品对应不正确的是()。
赵老师是某中学的一名青年教师,现在正担负着班主任工作,他深深服膺于伟大的人民教育家陶行知先生“爱满天下”的教育格言,发誓要做一名热爱学生的优秀教师。大学毕业走上工作岗位后,他一心扑在对学生的教育教学上。为接近、了解学生,以便取得学生的依赖,他与学生一起参加
材料一:一日,王教授应邀到甲机关举办一场关于职业道德与行为规范关系的专题讲座。会场里时常响起手机声,会议主持人不断地用手势提醒大家关闭手机,甚至打断学者讲座,让大家保持会场秩序。次日,王教授到乙机关举办同样的讲座,会场秩序井然,听讲座的每个人都自觉地关闭手
最新回复
(
0
)