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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market oriented economy in which consumers larg

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market oriented economy in which consumers larg

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问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make their profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen: and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
    An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be a bit up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
    The important factor in a private-oriented economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ______.
选项 A、private property and rights concerned
B、manpower and natural resources control
C、ownership of productive resources
D、free contracts and prices
答案A
解析 解此题的关键在于根据题中的关键词a private-enterprise economy找到解题的依据。原文最后一段第一句出现了private—enterprise economy，因此，最后一段就是解题依据。将四个选项与最后一段一一对照，B不对，它仅表达了第一句的部分内容。C也不对，它也仅表达了第一句的部分内容。D也不对，它仅表达了最后一句的部分内容。三个选项都只反映了局部而非全部内容。正确答案为A，它表达了最后一句由not only…but also连接的全部内容：私人财产和有关的权利。
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